The Article Need An Organ - 933 Words

The article â€Å"Need an Organ? It Helps to be Rich,† by Joy Victory informs readers of how medical systems work for those who are in need of an organ transplant. In the article, Victory talks about a 34-year-old man named Brian Shane Regions - who is in need of a heart transplant, but is not able to secure one because he is not insured. Therefore, not having insurance, Brian is put into an unfortunate situation because he is simply not getting any treatment for his heart failure. This is a great example of how patients without insurance could not be provided with an organ donor. Victory argues a variety of issues concerning how the organ donation system is unfair to certain people. A transplant cost a bundle amount of money, which leads to the rich only able to have the procedure done. While the poor cannot afford the cost of the transplant, creating an unfair situation for the less fortunate. The transplant centers can do anything as they please because they simply care mor e about the money. However, not all transplant centers treat their patients unfairly, several centers are truly able to support the uninsured patients in need of a transplant. It is simply unfair for the patients, who do not have enough money to pay for transplant and the medical systems are unethical. In the article, Joy Victory discusses how the medical system favors patients who are rich and insured. Victory has written many different articles about current health issues that affect everyone in theShow MoreRelatedThe Key to Solving The American Organ Allocation Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pageslungs came available in time. Organ allocation in the United States of America has become a heavily debated subject in the medical field as well as the political and ethical fields. There is no doubt that there is a shortage of organs in the United States. In order to increase organ supply the American Department of Health should integrate the effective allocation policies of some European countries such as Spain and Austria. These policies include: who receives organs, an opt-out program, and de-regionalizedRead MoreWhy Legalizing Organ Sales Will Help Save Lives, End Violence1094 Words   |  5 PagesAnthony Gregory writes in â€Å"Why Legalizing Organ Sales Would Help Save Lives, End Violence.† Gregory argues in the article that organ sale should be legalized in the United States. Gregory discusses the different range of arguments that people have that are opposed to the legalization of organ sale. He explains that organ sale is creating unnecessary suffering for needy patients and â€Å"violence.† The problem with Gregory’s article is that he uses direct quotations and extreme accusations that have noRead MoreThe Ethical And Medical Controversy1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe argument regarding the selling of organs on the black market has been an ethical and medical controversy for decades. The problems that exists ethically is to be believed that putting a price on a human organ is materialistic, people may go to extremes to donate a kidney, and the fear of the spread of infections or diseases. Although the fears are natural, mostly because people have always associated the black market with a negative connotation, the ethical fears out-weig h the idea that donatingRead MorePros And Cons Of Organ Donation1176 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan DonationAfter Death: An Annotated Bibliography Moritsugu, Kenneth P. The Power of Organ Donation to Save Lives through Transplantation. Public Health Reports. Association of Schools of Public Health, 2013. Web. 14 June 2017. . Organ and tissue donation are important and could be difference between life and death in some cases. In this article Kenneth Moritsugu is a former Acting Surgeon General of the United States and shares his experiences with organ donning and how it can change livesRead MoreImportance Of Organ Donation Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages2017 The Importance of Organ Donation While researching about organ donation, many articles brought forth the fact of how important organ donation is. This topic, however, is a big controversy among many people, especially families. Several articles, magazines, and previous research articles all share what organ donation really is and why it is important. By being a donor, you can save many lives in the end. My goal for this paper is to bring forth the importance of organ donation. Reasons to whyRead MoreGrand Theory Essay722 Words   |  3 Pages The article I used was, â€Å"Testing a Theory of Health Promotion for Preterm Infants Based on Levine’s Conservation Model of Nursing,† by Linda Medfford, and, Martha Raile Alligood. Virginia Henderson’s grand theory of Principles and Practice of Nursing, it is explained that the grand theory is for the brain dead patient. This theory points out to the nurse that, â€Å"An indirect link also exists between the nurse caring for the organ donor and the patient or patients who might receive an organ or organsRead MoreOrgan Donation : Persuasive Speech909 Words   |  4 PagesOrgan Donation Rhetorical Analysis Organ donation has been a major controversy for many years now. There are those people who favor it and the ones who do not. According to the United States Organ and Tissue Transplantation Association, organ donation is defined as tissue or organ removal from a deceased or living donor, for transplantation purposes. Tissues and organs are moved in a surgical procedure. Afterwards, they are transplanted to a recipient to ensure their recovery (Francis 2015). OrganRead MoreTest Incentives For Organ Donations1027 Words   |  5 Pagesyear wait limit for an organ donation. The New York Times Article â€Å"Test Incentives for Organ Donations – There’s No Reason Not To,† written by Sally Satel, states that in order to raise the number of donations, people should be rewarded (Satel). Based on the statistics Satel provides, she says altruism is not producing enough donations. Instead, she believes the government should offer some form of incentive to lure people int o doing a good deed (Satel). Satel’s article does develop solid pointsRead MoreIs the Use of Transgeneric Organisms Essential to the Advancement of Therapeutic Medicine?1315 Words   |  6 Pagescertain medical procedures in the future. Complicated procedures such as organ transplantation have been made more successful with the use of genetic modification. Lab-grown bladders, windpipes, blood vessels and skin are some examples of organic matter that have been successfully grown with human cells and transplanted into human patients. The demand that the human population has on donor organs far exceeds the number of organs available for transplant. Genetic modification is the solution to thisRead MoreSelling organs on the black market1081 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Selling Organs on the Black Market Every teenager wants to own the newest iPhone or iPad but to save up for those working at the local McDonald’s it would take some time. But in China, you can get it just by selling a kidney. In face according to a BBC news article dated April 6, 2012 five people were arrested for convincing a teenager to sell his kidney in an online chat room for the equivalent of $3,000. The teenager is now suffering from kidney failure, and just for a couple of new toys

Looking Beyond the Surface at Raymond Carvers Cathedral

It seems in life that we often look at things without really seeing them. Raymond Carver demonstrates in â€Å"Cathedral† that looking is associated to physical vision, but seeing involves a deeper level of commitment. The author is making the point when you put yourself into someone elses shoes and allow yourself to see things the way they see them, it can be the most rewarding and eye opening experience. During the exposition, the narrator shows that he has no problems with eyesight and he is capable of looking. The narrator is not blind and thinks that because he can see he is better than Robert. Because of Robert’s physical blindness the narrator thinks that he is not able to have any kind of normal life. The narrator believes that the ability to see is everything, and puts no effort into looking and seeing anything beyond the surface. He looks at his house, wife, television, and at Robert when he arrives. How ironic is it that Robert, the blind man, has the ability to see on a much deeper level than the narrator? For example, even though Robert cannot physically see the narrator’s wife, he understands her a lot more than her husband. He has truly listened to her during the past ten years on the audiotapes she sends him. The only interactions shown between the narrator, the protagonist, and his wife are short exchanges in which he seems to get on her nerves. It is dem onstrated in this conflict by Robert, the antagonist, that seeing involves a lot more than just looking.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s The Cathedral 863 Words   |  4 Pages One of the Raymond Carver story where we can find a lot of religion symbols; it is â€Å"Cathedral.† The story develops an ironic situation in which a blind man teaches a sighted man to truly â€Å"see† for the first time. Near the end of the story, Carver has these two characters work together on a drawing of a cathedral, which serves as the symbolic heart of the story. The cathedral represents true sight, the ability to see beyond the surface to the true meaning that lies within. The narrator’s drawingRead MoreMinimalism by Raymond Carver Essay3013 Words   |  13 PagesLiterary Criticism Minimalism by Raymond Carver English 210 P. Fishman Research Paper Literary Criticism on Minimalism by Raymond Carver Raymond Carver was a master of the short story during the mid nineteenth century due to his unique minimalistic style. Carver has his own artistic signature when it comes to writing, he tells his stories usingRead MorePersuasive Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Essay In 1983, Raymond Carver introduced his short story â€Å"Cathedral† to the public. The first-person narrative takes place within the narrator’s home, where his wife is waiting upon the arrival of her blind friend Robert. The narrator, however, becomes more concerned about how Robert’s visit will affect him rather than enjoy the situation. Once Robert arrives, the narrator tries to understand the blind man, but he is unaware of what tasks Robert is capable of performing due to the narrator’sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Cathedral By Raymond Carver1305 Words   |  6 PagesStory â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver is about true blindness and the effects of emotional contact. Peterson studies the use of determiners, a and the, that refer to the blind man in the story and its effects to establish the atmosphere of the story. He states that the change in determiner seems subtle, but these subtle changes are significant because the changes show how na rrator feel about Robert throughout the story. Nesset studies the sexual polices and the love lives in several Carver’s storiesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Carver Essay1867 Words   |  8 Pagesauthors hide deep meaning behind their writings that can be difficult to catch. Authors will use symbolism to tell a different story. A period of their life could affect the way they write and you can see that as a reader if you pick apart the story. Raymond Carver is a great example on how a period in his life affected his writing. Carver was going down a dark path which readers can see the affects of this period in his life in his writing style. It took Carver some time to find his sense of hope againRead MoreThe Meaning Behind Seeing By Raymond Carver1767 Words   |  8 PagesThe Meaning Behind Seeing In the short story â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver, there is a very insightful message spoken about the true definitions between having sight and being able to see. The story focuses on three characters, and they each have emotions connected to one another, whether it be trust, jealousy or compassion. These characters include a blind man named Robert, the narrator who is unnamed in the story, and his wife who also does not receive a name for the story line. Each of theseRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver1758 Words   |  8 Pageswhether that meaning is obvious or not is up to the readers’ interpretations. In some stories, that meaning hides behind a character, how that person acts, thinks, or express themselves and how they change throughout resembling growth. In Raymond Carver’s â€Å"The Cathedral†, the unnamed husband narrators the tale of his wife’s old blind friend Robert coming to visit after not seeing each other for years. They ha d remained in contact through audiotapes, but the husband seems to not understand the significanceRead MoreAn Analysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral1794 Words   |  8 Pages A Cynics Enlightenment Raymond Carver’s short-story Cathedral is outwardly about a pessimistic man, whose wife’s blind visitor named Robert changes the narrators predisposing perception of the world and awakes a new view on life in the process. But inwardly, the story is about the desperate need for connection between these three characters, which isn’t feasible do to the emotional-detachment by the narrator. In the beginning, the narrator is hindered by his prejudices which doesn t allow him

Physics Fundamentals ( Phys1001 ) - 1760 Words

Lab Report Module Name: Physics Fundamentals (PHYS1001) Experiment Name: Determination of Planck’s constant (h) Student P-number: P14177341 Lab Tutor : Dr Shashi Paul Date: 14/11/2014 Abstract The objective was to determine the value of Planck’s constant using LED’s. The value of Planck’s constant found in this experiment was 5.93x10-34Js, This is fairy close in comparison to the accepted value being 6.626x10-34Js. The Value of Planck’s constant was found with the use of LED’s, the provided wavelength was used to calculate the frequency, then the experiment allowed us to find the LED’s Turn on voltage. The findings were plotted to a graph where, start up voltage was on the Y axis and†¦show more content†¦the electrons crossing the junction are excited and return to their stable state, usually the ground state. When returning to the ground state or a lower state from which they were in, the electron emits light energy which is a high energy photon. The energy of the photon depends on how many energy states the electron drops. This particular voltage when the LED just starts to emit light is known as the threshold voltage. Once the threshold voltage is reached the current may increase but the voltage across the LED doesn t change significantly. The energy of the photon emitted can be calculated using the equation E = hf where h = the Planck’s constant f = the frequency of light From the equation it can be said that the energy emitted has a relationship with planck’s constant and the frequency of emitted radiation. We can use this equation to work out planck’s constant by combining it with another equation. This equation is E = QV where Q = the charge (1.6x10-19) V = threshold voltage hf=QV If you plot a graph of voltage against frequency, find the gradient and multiply it by the charge of an electron (1.6x10-19), you find the value of Planck’s constant. Experiment / Materials and Methods Apparatus: Circuit board LED’s blue to infrared Resistor in series on circuit board 100ÃŽ © Smartphone camera Procedure: Firstly set up apparatus, then connect the diodes one at a

Three Branches of Government - 1117 Words

Three Branches of the Federal Government In May 1787, 55 delegates from 12 states, Rhode Island declined, met in Philadelphia for the Constitutional Convention. The purpose of the convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, but what occurred was the writing of the U.S. Constitution. George Washington was unanimously elected as President of the Convention. After four months of deliberations Gouveneur Morris submitted the final draft and 39 of the 55 delegate present signed the Constitution. At the Convention the founding fathers decided to divide the federal government into three branches. In the paragraphs below I will discuss their reason for dividing the government, the three branches and how the three branches interact.†¦show more content†¦court system. The Supreme Court is the head of the Judiciary Branch and rules whether something is constitutional or unconstitutional according to the Constitution. The Supreme Court consists of nine judges, eight associate justices and one chief justice. They are nominated by the President and approved by the Senate and have no term limit. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land and their decisions are final and can not be over turned (Three Branches of Government, 2007). How They Interact The founding fathers divided the federal government in to three separate branches allowing each branch to place restraints on the powers exerted by the other branches. To prevent one branch from becoming superior and to induce cooperation among the three branches a system of checks and balances was created. The Legislative Branch writes and enacts laws, enacts taxes, sets the budget and has the sole power to declare war. They may start investigations against the Executive Branch and ratifies treaties. The Executive Branch may veto laws and refuse to spend money allocated for certain purposes. They may wage war or declare a state of emergency and promulgates regulations and executive orders. The Executive Branch appoints judges to the Supreme Court and has the power to pardon convicted criminals. The Judiciary Branch determines which laws apply to any given case and which laws areShow MoreRelatedThe Three Branches Of Government725 Words   |  3 PagesBranches of Government The United States Government has three branches, legislative power, executive power, and judicial power. The founders of a division of power did not want all the power to be centralized in a monarch or anyone else, so they divided the legal authority into the three branches. Legislative power creates new laws, the constitution gives this power to congress, which is made up of the senate and the house of representatives. Executive power gives the authority to enforce laws,Read MoreThe Three Branches Of Government1266 Words   |  6 PagesThe Three Branches of Government The government of the United States of America is a federal constitutional republic. In layman s terms, this means that the country s national, central government and the smaller, unitary governments of the fifty states are co-equal in their power, and that the citizens of America have a say in public policies by electing representatives who voice their respective opinions. More importantly, both the central government and the state governments areRead MoreThe Three Branches of Government1260 Words   |  6 PagesThe Three Branches of U.S. Government The leaders at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 desired an unbiased, fair government. They believed they could keep a strong yet non-oppressive government form by creating three divided branches. The branches are the legislative, judicial and executive branches. The legislative branch is led by Congress which is split up into the Senate and the House of Representatives. The judicial branch is fronted by the Supreme Court. The executive branch is headedRead MoreThe Three Branches Of Government1139 Words   |  5 Pages When the founders were creating the Constitution for the new nation they wanted to keep the freedoms of the United States but wanted to have a strong government. They thought the best way to get a strong government but to keep the people’s rights were to create the three branches of government. The three branches of government are Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branch. Legislative makes laws, Executive enforces the laws, and the Judicial branch e xplains the laws. Know we will key on the LegislativeRead MoreThree branches of government1113 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ ABSTRACT The components of the constitution are the framework for our country, and all function to give our government structure. The judicial, legislative, and executive branches are all key components that make up our government, acting independently from the others, and allowing for checks and balances in order to prevent misuse of power. Federalism affects how our government is run, and especially the criminal justice system. Within our criminal justice system the main components are lawRead MoreThe Three Branches Of Government1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe Three Branches of Government In the beginning the United States was based upon the Articles of Confederation where the national government consisted of only one legislative body. Under the Articles of Confederation the national government had very limited powers and because of that problems began to emerge. States were now conducting their own foreign trade negotiations, printing their own money, and organizing their own armed forces violating the national law. Because of this a groupRead MoreThe Three Branches Of The Government1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe Three Branches of the Government The Government has three branches for law making. When a law is being created, it starts at the Legislative, and then gets passed to the Executive branch, then to the Judicial branch. Each branch has their own area of the law that they look at. In the end, it is decided if the law will be issued to the people. When the law is being created, it starts at the Legislative branch. In the branch, Congress is made up of two houses, the Senate and the House of RepresentativesRead MoreThe Three Branches Of Government Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pages The Three Branches of Government In 1787 the leaders of the united states gathered to write the constitution which they also divided into three branches to ensure a central government in which no group or individual gains too much control. The three branches consists on the following Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. Legislative branch rejects or confirms presidential appointments, and also has the authority to declareRead MoreThe Three Branches Of Federal Government1290 Words   |  6 Pagesordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.† The Constitution is the framework of our government, containing seven articles. The first three describe the three branches of Federal government which are legislative, judicial, and executive. The second three outline the rights and responsibilities of state governments and in relation to the Federal government. Lastly, the seventh article establishes the procedure used by the thir teen states to ratify it. These powerful wordsRead MoreEssay on Three Branches of Government725 Words   |  3 Pages Instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center. Assignment 1 Branches of Government Create a flowchart of the three branches of government and associate two (2) Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) clauses for each branch of government. Designate the relationships among the governmental branches. In an accompanying document, exemplify the types of powers of each branch of government and include these items: * Taxing and spending powers * Limits on both federal

The Do This, Get That Guide On Us Writer Research Paper

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Pharmaceutical Companies a Manufacturer of Synthetic Insulin

Question: Prepare a Detailed Report on a Specific Product which is Currently being Marketed by Either a Major Pharmaceutical or Biopharmaceutical Company. Answer: History of the product The pharmaceutical companies have embarked on the large-scale manufacture of synthetic insulin to meeting the increasing demand for health care. The types of insulin also are based on how soon it becomes functional (Klubo-Gwiezdzinska et al., 2015). There are short acting, intermediate acting, and long-acting insulin. In terms of history, before scientist discovered the production of insulin, patients with type 1 diabetes used to die. A Canadian scientist Friendrick Banting was able to purify insulin in 1921. Continued experiments later found a type of insulin which could be released at lower doses in blood. This was the addition of a fish protein, protamine which the human body breaks down at a slow rate. Although there have been several modifications in insulin, the method of production still remains the same. Initially, insulin was derived from the pancreas of calves and pigs followed by purification. The insulin in these animals and human are quite similar and hence function well. However, some people would complain of allergies which led to the development if biotechnological industrial production of insulin in 1980. This was enabled by the determination of the chemical structure of insulin which then made it possible to determine the location of the gene which codes for insulin in the chromosome. Initial experiments involved the splicing of the insulin gene in mice into a bacterium which enabled insulin synthesis. In the year 1980s, the scientists were able to make use of genetic engineering methods to synthesize the human insulin protein. For example, in the year 1982, Eli Lily Corporation manufactured the first human insulin which was later widely accepted for use as a pharmaceutical product. This insulin did not have any animal contaminants, production was on large scale and there were no fears concerning the transmission of diseases between animals to humans were lowered. T he majority of the pharmaceutical companies use the recombinant DNA technology to produce insulin (Wang et al., 2014). Biology underlying the condition being treated Insulin is a very important hormone in the body, whose function is to regulate the amount of sugar in the blood. More specifically, insulin is involved in transporting sugar in blood into the cells for metabolism (Higgs and Fernandez, 2014). This hormone is needs produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. These cells sometimes release insulin in small amounts while in other cases, the release insulin surge. Once the food is digested din the gut, it is converted into molecules which can be easily get absorbed by the body cells. The carbohydrates are the ones which are converted into sugars for use by the cells to drive various body processes like glycolysis. When the blood glucose is high, following a meal, the pancreatic cells are triggered to produce proportionate levels of insulin. Upon binding of glucose transporters by the insulin on the cell membrane, the sugar in the blood begins to get into the cells via the plasma membrane. If there is no enough insulin production of the pan creatic cells are defective, blood glucose accumulates making the cells to starve (Lipska and Montori, 2015). Continued starvation of cells activates other metabolic pathways leading to the formation of ketones by the liver, which in turn complicate the health of patients and can lead to coma. Lack of proper insulin production also results in the development of diabetes; which can be type 1 or type 2. The type 1 diabetic patients are placed on medication such that they receive insulin injection doses about three times per day. The diabetes type 2 patients produce a little amount of insulin from their pancreas but they may need to inject some more either once to twice per day. Production process Method 1 The raw materials used for the production of insulin are E. coli bacteria, although yeast is used to some extent. Of great concern to the manufacturers is the protein or gene which produces insulin. This is obtained by use of a machine which sequences amino acids in order to produce DNA fragments (Heinemann and Hompesch, 2014). The production also requires large tanks where bacteria are grown as well as nutrients and carbon sources which are food for the bacteria. Production of insulin is a biochemical process which requires several steps by use of recombinant DNA technology upon isolation of the insulin gene. The insulin gene codes for the insulin protein and as the cell carries its metabolism, the insulin gene is translated to make proteins. In this case, the manufacturers manipulate the biological processes of the bacteria (Kumar and Partha, 2017). The insulin gene is then transferred into the bacteria and metabolism continues. The insulin gene has two sub units the A and B chain in its structure. The A chain has 21 amino acids while the B chain has 30 amino acids. Before it becomes active, the proinsulin has co-joined A and B subunits but it lacks the signal sequence. In the pharmaceutical companies, the A and B subunits are grown separately so as to avoid the manufacturing of each of the enzymes. Two minigenes are thus used. A minigene which forms the chain A and the minigene B which gives chain B. bearing in mind that the manufacturers already know the DNA sequence of each of the two chains, the minigenes are made by use of amino acid sequencing equipment. The resulting chains are in serted into the plasmid (cloning vectors) which is then taken up by competent bacteria. For instance, the plasmid is inserted into the and cultured followed by transfection. DNA ligase is added so as to aid the sticking together of the recombinants into the bacteria. The bacteria which make insulin are then subjected to fermentation at optimal temperatures, processes carried out in large tanks. The bacteria replicate and form millions of copies by mitotic processes with each copy having insulin genes (Mimi et al., 2015). The cells are then broken open so that DNA can be removed. The methionine is then broken by treating the DNA with cyanogens bromide so that the insulin chains are separated. The insulin chains A and B are the joined together using disulfide bonds in the oxidation-reduction process. Method 2 In this method, the manufacture of insulin begins with the precursor called proinsulin. All the processes are similar to method 1, apart from the use of a machine for amino acid sequences. The proinsulin is fermented in large tanks where the A and B insulin chains are spliced using an enzyme so that the insulin is then purified (Sandow et al., 2015). The ingredients are then added to insulin so as to hinder the entry of bacteria and maintain a neutral pH. This method is important in the manufacture of the long-acting insulin. Purification The manufacturers then purify the insulin chains by use of a method like chromatography, reverse HPLC and other size separation methods. The batches of insulin produced are then tested per batches so as to make sure that the E.coli proteins have been mixed with insulin (Moein et al., 2014). A marker protein used to detect the presence or absence of E. coli, where the bacteria is eventually removed, leaving behind the insulin only. When the insulin protein is being manufactured, quality control is of great importance. In case there are impurities in the insulin, other methods of purification such as gel filtration, X-ray crystallography, and amino acid sequencing can be used. The vials that are used to store insulin are also tested for the packaging to ensure that that sealing is proper (Thomas et al., 2014). According to the National Institute of Health, on safety measures should be followed when manufacturing insulin. Economies of process The commercial manufacture of insulin requires the use of large scale equipment with several challenges during scale up. The costs and dependency are done based on the parameters of the manufacturing process. It is important that unnecessary costs are minimized while the negative impact to the environment is lowered. A pharmaceutical manufacturing plant can involve an investment of $150 million. The unit production could be about $70/g during purification of insulin particles. If we make an assumption that each insulin costs about $100/g, this manufacturing plant can yield satisfactory returns of about 70 %. For instance, a 40 mg vial of insulin can cost about $25 in cost indicating that selling at $100/g is economically viable. Waste and safety The pharmaceutical manufacturing company causes negative effects to the environment especially when it comes to disposal of wastes (Heldin et al., 2014). Therefore these wastes have been raising concerns over the effect of wastes from pharmaceuticals to the health of the communities around. As more and more people are diagnosed with diabetes while others are living with uncured diabetes, there need to be the development of sustainable plans to manage wastes (Ortigosa et al., 2015). The insulin infusion pumps and tubing free infusion sets have impacts to the environment. It is also important to consider waste water used in the manufacturing process especially the wastes from biological chemicals. This wastewater can be highly toxic and hence manufacturing companies should ensure that they carry put proper detoxification processes before releasing to the environment. They should also have proper plastic and paper disposal systems by adopting the use of packaging materials which are bio degradable especially after the diabetic patient has finally used the vials. References Heinemann, L. and Hompesch, M., 2014. Biosimilar Insulins Basic Considerations. Journal of diabetes science and technology, 8(1), pp.6-13. Heldin, E., Grnlund, S., Shanagar, J., Hallgren, E., Eriksson, K., Xavier, M., Tunes, H. and Vilela, L., 2014. Development of an intermediate chromatography step in an insulin purification process. The use of a High Throughput Process Development approach based on selectivity parameters. Journal of Chromatography B, 973, pp.126-132. Higgs, M. and Fernandez, R., 2014. 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