Personal Reflection And Development Plan - 1431 Words

Personal Reflection and Development Plan Reflective practice has helped many people to improve their learning. It is a valuable tool often used by healthcare and education providers to improve their approach to work by questioning their actions. Throughout my short time spent in Higher Education (HE) I have learned many new aspects of learning like different learning styles and models of reflection and this provides me with an opportunity to look back over these ideas and reflect. This will allow me to use these skills to my advantage and develop myself with a development plan to continue my educational understanding. The word ‘Reflection’ simply means ‘careful thought about a particular subject’ (Collins English Dictionary, 2013). It is†¦show more content†¦Jasper (2013) states that reflection allows us to learn for ourselves, rather than being taught in a lesson or watching and mimicking an instructor’s actions, instead we are now able to look inwards and critique ourselves, at which point we can adapt our future performance through personal knowledge of a subject. In a certain fashion, the reflector now uses their understanding to become the teacher of themselves, allowing proficient, skilled workers the ability to continuously develop (Rushton and Suter, 2012). Reflection can come naturally to some learners, meaning they would use it often to help with their development, others can find it a taxing process and must put in more mental effort to use it effectively (Jarvis, 1992). Schon (1983) writes about two specific types of reflection used, ‘reflection in action’ and ‘reflection on action’. At many points in life reflection is undertaken whilst performing an action, for instance, think of a jazz musician playing an instrument with no sheet music, they are altering their performance in action to decide where to take the music next. Reflecting whilst performing the action allows for improvisation as they are adept at what they areShow MoreRelatedReflection Personal Development Plan1163 Words   |  5 PagesReflection- Personal Development Plan Reflection is a major factor in developing self-awareness to improve services provided to everyone around me, this is to develop my own understanding in realising the good and bad made previously. Moving forward with a better understanding, as well as rectifying the mistake whilst recognising the good points, (Horton-Deutsch and Sherwood, 2008). Ordinarily whilst working in a domiciliary setting and visiting vulnerable adults within their homesRead MorePersonal Reflection and Personal Development Plan2558 Words   |  11 PagesSelf Evaluation and Personal Development Plan Creating a personal development plan involves more than simply contemplating what you want from your life and how to go about achieving it. If you want to create a personal development plan that helps you to achieve your goals, preparation is the key. To prepare, one must have a great deal of self-awareness. This includes clear understanding of personal values and ethics, analyzing personality characteristics, evaluation of learning stylesRead MoreReflective Essay : Reflective Practice Theoretical Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction(300) Rolfe (2011) state that reflection is a mental process which include thinking, feeling, imagining and learning about what was happening in the past and which could be considered as a personal experience. Reflection is a continuous debate on what might have happened differently and if this could affect differently the present and the future regarding the outcome if is positive or negative. Experience underpin the process of reflection. According to Nursing Midwifery CouncilRead MoreMy Nursing Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Nursing Practice1074 Words   |  5 Pages as well as through engaging in research to generate new knowledge which sustains nursing as a profession. Learning plan Career development is recognised as the realisation of personal goals and interests in one’s career (Kuijpers, Schyns Scheerens 2006). Thus, planning for my career direction, setting goals and knowing myself are critical for a successful career development. My career direction is set to be a clinical research nurse. Through Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)Read MoreBiography Of Tricia Monet, 23, From An Illinois City Near St. Louis Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent firm has structure, organization, and â€Å"neatness† but lacks her need for people interaction. It is this desire that draws her to apply for an assistant director position for a company called Personal Reflections, which is a national chain of personal care and household products. Personal Reflections district manager hires Tricia just hours after her interview; company’s policy prohibits store directors involvement during this process. Tricia received two weeks of training and assigned under HeatherRead MorePERSONAL ND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Essays1351 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Lesson Plan – 2 PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Unit Title: Personal and Professional Development Topic: Personal Swot Analysis Week 2 Time: Variable Duration: 5 Hours Lecturers: Module Leader: Joy Meme Venue: Variable No of students: Variable Lesson Objectives: 1.Understanding of the use and concept of a Personal SWOT Analysis 2.Completion of a Personal SWOT Analysis 3.Reading and discussion of the article-â€Å"How to LeadRead MoreThe Development Of A Pdp917 Words   |  4 PagesA PDP is a tool that clearly indicates identified challenges (learning or development needs) in order of priority. Each competency in the PDP assessment informs specific outcomes with the help of this tool (Francis et al., 2014). I can easily monitor my progress towards my progress towards my set goals using the high competencies of my personal and professional skills to improve my areas of opportunities. My PDP shown in table 1, highlights my competencies that needs to be achieved by July 2016.Read MoreIntroduction to Personal Development in Health and Social Care or Children S and Young Peoples Settings1470 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Personal Development in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s settings. 1.1.Describe the duties and responsibilities of own role. My current job role is as a care assistant. When I started this job management gave me a clear guidance and what is expected from me. They described the duties and responsibilities of the role to me. A responsibility is something a person is expected to do. I am responsible for providing support to the service users, which includesRead MoreReflection1650 Words   |  7 PagesIan-Bradley Tancred This essay analyses and describes what reflection is and how it supports your personal and professional learning. It elaborates upon how and why recognizing your strengths and weaknesses are important and how they can enhance lifelong learning. It describes what arguments and assertions are, what the differences are between them and which one is better. Debnath describes reflection as a means of self-examination to learn from knowledge and experiences which will help transformRead MoreEssay on importance of reflective practice1556 Words   |  7 Pageseffectiveness on the practitioners and one of the first people to research reflective Practice was Donald Schon in his book â€Å"The Reflective Practitioner† in 1983. Schon was an influential writer on reflection and had two main ways of identifying reflection and they were reflection in action and reflection on action. â€Å"The practitioner allows himself to experience surprise, puzzlement, or confusion in a situation which he finds uncertain or unique. He reflects on the phenomenon before him, and on the

A Tragic Hero As Used By Shakespeare. In, “The Tragedy

A Tragic Hero as Used by Shakespeare In, â€Å"The Tragedy of Julius Caesar,† by William Shakespeare, you can see Shakespeare’s use of a tragic hero. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is a play about how Marcus Brutus and Cassius contemplate the murder of the great Julius Caesar. The play discusses the planning of the murder, and the events that follow the catastrophe. Brutus is one of the conspirators in the murdering of Caesar and is also one of his beloved friends. Shakespeare incorporates traditional elements, along with his own ideas, to make a Shakespearean tragic hero such as Brutus. The traditional elements of a tragic hero include; coming from noble birth and suffering a catastrophe. Junius Brutus is Brutus’s ancestor, who lived 400†¦show more content†¦Norman Sanders states in, â€Å" The Heart of the Plot: An Unnatural Conspiracy† that, â€Å" Cassius attempts to win Brutus over †¦ by taking advantage of Brutus’s trusting nature .† (Sanders 39). Brutus’s trusting nature end up being what the conspirators used to deceive him. If he never would have trusted them and wasn’t gullible things may have gone differently. Sanders also states in his article, â€Å" Brutus’s tragic mistake of believing rumors and innuendoes over solid proof of Caesar’s tyranny.† (Sanders 39). If Brutus would of listened, and avoided the lies, the conspirators would of never gotten him to join them. Brutus’s tragic flaw, his gullibility, is what caused the catastrophe to happen. Shakespeare adds on to the traditional elements, by having them suffer an internal conflict. As stated by J..L Simmons in, â€Å"Shakespeare s Brutus: A Man Torn by Conflicting Values†, â€Å"Brutus’s moral dilemma about whether or not to turn on his friend, Caesar, and join the conspiracy...†(Simmons 61). Brutus suffered from the decision whether to kill Caesar, his beloved friend, or to igno re the conspirators and go along Caesar. He on one side, believes that Caesar hasn’t let his emotions get in the way as he states in 2.1, â€Å" And, to speak truth of Caesar, / I have not known when his affections swayed / More than his reason.† (Shakespeare 2.1.19-21). Brutus loves Caesar as a friend, and that ends up conflicting him about killingShow MoreRelatedEssay The Tragedy of Othello1292 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare masterfully crafted Othello, the Moor of Venice as an Aristotelian tragedy play. The main protagonist of the play, Othello, is the perfect example of a tragic hero. Shakespeare was influenced by Aristotle’s concept of a tragic hero and used Aristotle’s principles to create Othello. William Shakespeare attempted to create an Aristotelian tragedy play with a tragic hero and succeeded in Othello, the Moor of Venice by weaving in pity and fear into each line and action. The powerRead MoreShakespeare s Othello As A Tragic Hero 1517 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle and why does he label Shakespeare’s play, Othello, as a tragedy? Aristotle is a famous Greek philosopher who defines Shakespeare’s character, Othello, as a tragic hero. Many parts in Othello tell the readers that the play is a tragedy, such as jealousy, arguing, and death, which makes the play famous and delightful to read. Aristotle has identified many common traits or characteristics that a tragic hero requires. In Shakespeare s play, Aristotle defines many features that cause the charactersRead MoreEssay about Greek Tragedy Exemplified in Shakespeares Hamlet1191 Words   |  5 PagesGreek Tragedy Exemplified in Shakespeares Hamlet For several thousands of years, drama has existed among mankind. The ancient Greeks are accredited with the creation of drama, which began as simple religious rituals and eventually evolved into the more complex forms of tragedies and comedies. The first rules of drama, not surprisingly, were also written by a Greek--the famous philosopher and intellectual, Aristotle. Aristotle took note of the what qualities created a successful dramatic pieceRead MoreConventions of a Shakespeare Tragedy1189 Words   |  5 Pages Every Shakespeare tragedy follows the same conventions. Some of the conventions are tragic hero with a tragic flaw, anti-hero, tragic fall, fate, and supernatural. A convention is something in Shakespeare that has a certain effect. The tragic hero always has a tragic flaw. A tragic hero cannot be a hero unless he has a tragic flaw. The tragic flaw brings the downfall of the hero. Othello is the tragic hero, because Othello is a character of nobility. He is good at the beginning but at the end heRead MoreTragic Hero in Othelo by William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesConventions of Othello Shakespeare has been a part of the American Society for many years. Compared to other Authors, he has a different style of writing but within his own writings, they are all very much alike. He has written many plays including Othello and Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare was a man who wrote plays that followed the same literary conventions. These conventions included tragic hero, fallacy, irony, and also suspense. A tragic hero is a male figure who is high in society and one whoRead MoreHow Far Do You Agree That Good Comedy Is Tragedy Narrowly Averted1677 Words   |  7 PagesHow far do you agree that Much Ado About Nothing shows the truth of the claim that â€Å"good comedy is tragedy narrowly averted†? â€Å"Good comedy is tragedy narrowly averted†: these words were spoken by Jonathon Bate and Eric Rasmussen in their publishing of ‘William Shakespeare: Complete Works’. They show how many elements of comedy could be interpreted as almost tragic. The comedy in Much Ado About Nothing is often created when the audience can see that something could go horribly wrong, however itRead More Shakespeare - Tragic Heros Essay625 Words   |  3 Pages The name amp;quot;tragic heroamp;quot;, which has become synonymous with Shakespearean dramas, was developed before Hamlet, Macbeth or any of Shakespeare’s well-known plays were written. The literary term was actually discovered around 330 BC by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. Through his theory of catharsis, Aristotle debated that the great plays of Sophicles, Euripides, and other Greek playwrights contained tragic heroes similar to each other, which all portrayed four basic characteristicsRead MoreAristoles View on Drama1347 Words   |  6 Pagesaddition, ancient Greek theater used dramas to relay moral and political messages to their communities. There are two different categories of drama: comedy and tragedy. Greek theater used two masks known as Thalia (comedy mask) and Melpomene (tragedy mask) to symbolize these two types. In a general sense comedy and tragedy differ only in there endings. For instance both comedies and tragedies can have moments of laughter and sadness, but comedies end happy while tragedies end very sad. While both genresRead MoreOthello : An Aristotelian Tragedy And Tragic Hero1604 Words   |  7 PagesOthello, an Aristotelian Tragedy and Tragic Hero When reading a story, specifically a tragedy, what stands out? Tragedy often enables its audience to reflect on personal values that might be in conflict with civil ideas, on the claims of minorities that it neglected or excluded from public life, on its on irrational prejudices toward the foreign of the unknown (Kennedy Gioia, 2103, p. 857). Readers feel sympathy for the characters, especially the tragic hero. Othello, the Moor of Venice isRead MoreTragedy In Shakespeares Othello1519 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Tragedy  is an imitation not just of a complete action, but of events that evoke pity and fear.† The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle gave the classic theory of tragedy a distinguishable definition. There are various elements included in a tragedy, making it both successful and enjoyable. From the dramatic plot to the audaciousness of characters that create intensity, every element is necessary to construct the classic tragedy. This can be observed through act ion as seen in Shakespeare’s Othello

Leadership and Organizational Performance Free Essays

Leadership and Organizational Performance Kelley, R. C. , Thornton,  B. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Organizational Performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now , Daugherty, R. (2005). Relationships between measures of leadership and school climate. Education,  126(1),  17-25. Retrieved November 5, 2007, from Research Library  database. (Document ID:  901917061). This article was a research study that examined the relationship school leaders has on the school’s climate and the effectiveness of the school. The study will be extremely beneficial to the pending research because it specifically examined the effectiveness of the elementary school principal’s leadership styles and reported how their individual leadership style affected school climate. This research is pivotal because it will add additional literature to assist my understanding of leadership styles of elementary school principals. The authors argue that there exists a correlation of an effective school with strong leadership, a climate of expectation, an organized atmosphere, and efficient communication. This research was interesting and in striking contrast to other similar research topics because Kelley, Thornton,  and Daugherty’s research excluded large schools that had both a principal and an assistant principal. In excluding large schools, the study was free to isolate the leadership style of only one school administrator, which was free of the influence of the assistant principal. Lee, Y. Y. (2005). Teachers’ perceptions of principals’ transformational leadership and teachers’ job satisfaction and school commitment. Unpublished doctorial dissertation, Fordham University, New York. Retrieved December 5, 2007, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 3178858). This unpublished doctorial dissertation examined teachers’ perception of transformational leadership behaviors in their school principal. More specifically, the study was conducted to determine if the behaviors of the school principal enhanced the levels of teachers’ motivation and commitment to school reform. Lee’s research used the theoretical construct of Bass and Avolio’s theory of transformational leadership. Similar to other literature within this paper, Lee admits that the quintessence fundamental nature of leadership is engulfed and immersed in the relationships between leaders and follows. The study also claimed that there are also others involved in leader-follow process. Lee demonstrated that there does indeed exist a correlation between transformational leadership behaviors and job satisfactions among teachers. This dissertation is of particular interest to the research I will conduct because, akin to Lee, I will be examining the leadership style of elementary school principals and the impact that leadership style has on teacher motivation. Leonard, L. J. , ; Leonard, P. E. (1999). Reculturing for collaboration and leadership. The Journal of Educational Research. 92(4), 237-42. Retrieved December 27, 2007, from EducationAbs database. Leonard and Leonard conducted research seeking to analyze the primary motivators by which three selected schools were reported as professional learning communities for teacher collaboration. Among the many keywords used in the paper, changing organizational environments was constant. Within a changing organizational environment, Leonard and Leonard implied that the school principals’ may exhibit transformational leadership. The authors further suggested that within that leadership style, six dimensions of quality exists: â€Å"articulation and sharing a vision, fostering group goals, individual support to subordinates, intellectual stimulation, appropriate behavior modeling, and high performance expectations† (p. 2). The research was conducted at three different schools, one high-school and two elementary schools. The research method was a survey questionnaire. Among the questions, teachers were asked to indicate the person whom they felt was the most influential source of change. The responses while varied among each school, the principal, as the researches expected, was the most widely identified as the person with the most influential source of change. Lucks, H. J. (2002). Transformational leadership and teacher motivation across New York City public schools. Unpublished doctorial dissertation, St. John’s University, New York. Retrieved December 2, 2007, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 3058275). Lucks’ dissertation research defined transformational leadership from the prospective of noteworthy authors (Arolio Base, 1988; Burns, 1978; Caldwell, 1997; Hackman Oldman, 1997; Leithwood, 1999; Ozga Walker, 1995; Pounder, 1996; Seabring Bryk, 2000; Sergiovanni, 1987, 1990, 1999; and Yuki, 1998;). This literature is critical to my research topic because it captures wide views of transformational leadership and the contributions made as a result of employing this style of leadership. In contrast to similar literature research, Lucks exposed an opposing view of transactional leadership through the prospective of Avolio and Bass who argue that transactional leadership merely adds value and does not necessarily stimulate change within an organization. Lucks demonstrated there does not exist a relationship between transformational leadership style and teacher motivation. Additionally, Lucks research contained rich, noteworthy and revered literature that expressed a variety of views on relationships between leaders and followers. This research will serve to add information and clarity to my understanding of transactional leadership that will ultimately assist in strengthening the dissertation. Nir, A. E. , Kranot, N. (2006). School principal’s leadership style and teachers’ self-efficacy. Planning and Changing,  37(3/4),  205-218. Retrieved November 5, 2007, from Research Library  database via FirstSearch. Document ID:  1224424331). Authors Nir and Kranot conducted research to examine two hypotheses. One, whether personal teacher efficacy varied across different principal leadership styles and two, to examine what the added value of the various principal’s leadership style for personal teacher efficacy when related job factors were statistically controlled. The researchers demonstrated an understanding and clear knowledge of teacher self-efficacy and supported the various assertions they made with rich literature. The hypothesis of Nir and Kranot was that there does not exist a link between teacher’s general teacher efficacy and leadership styles and that the leadership style of the transformational leader was likely to be positively correlated with personal teacher efficacy. The research highlights and emphasizes the importance and potential contribution transformational leadership style has for shaping positive job experiences for teachers but does not identify it as a major source of causing personal teacher efficacy or general teacher efficacy. Sergiovanni, T. J. (2005). Strengthening the heartbeat: Leading and learning together in schools. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Sergiovanni’s book aims to offer a fresh perspective to the importance, dynamic, and success sustaining issues of school leadership. The content of the book is organized around eight chapters which clearly demonstrate that today’s school leaders need a new understanding of leadership, how it operates, the nature of its relationship to learning and why school leaders need to practice both leadership and learning together within the schools. Sergiovanni emphasized that value-added leadership can be the catalyst for building teacher capacity, building a learning community and developing a culture of collaboration among all stakeholders involved with the school. He explored the qualities of successful school leaders and used Adlai Stevenson High School in Lincolnshire, Illinois, as an example of how principals can turn visions into action statements through effective school leadership. This book is important to my dissertation research because it is a premier source of information on theory and practice of successful school leadership. How to cite Leadership and Organizational Performance, Papers

Happy Thoughts Essay Example For Students

Happy Thoughts Essay pic | |||Happy Is the People Whose God Is Jehovah!|||- Dan Sydlik (Bethel Family)||||||We can literally feel the happiness here. When we are happy we |||wish life would never end. ||||||Happiness isnt optional. Jehovah commands us to be happy. De |||16:13-15. He says you must rejoice. What is Happiness? It is |||the outward manifestation of the internal condition of joy that|||comes from a good heart. 1Tim 6:6 associates godliness with|||contentment. It comes from peace of mind and joy of heart.|||Happy are those people whose God is Jehovah. Are you happy for |||having Jehovah as our God? Happiness is a gift from Jehovah. It|||comes from Jehovah a fruit of His spirit. He is the happy God|||and he wants us to be happy NOW, not in some distant future.|||Every day we should ask ourselves if we are happy. We will be |||if we have our life under control. We must have self discipline|||and self control. We must limit our fleshly desires instead of |||trying to satisfy them all (Col 3:2). Be happy at home alone or|||with family or friends, at Kingdom Hall with brothers, in|||service. Remember its always very close to us. It isnt in|||things a car, home, etc. It is inside of us. If our happiness|||is dependant on things or conditions, whom we are with, then an|||accident or tragedy can rob our happiness. It must come from|||within. Principle: Acts 20:35, supports the thought of|||happiness coming from with as when we are giving, being |||unselfish. What we possess, we can lose. Consider the example |||of a happy missionary. Satan entered; she became offended by|||her roommate. She refused to be happy any longer. She permitted|||small things in her life to grow in her mind. She lost her|||happiness.||||||Protect your happiness with all your might. Dont lose it.|||Dont let other people hold the key to our happiness as if we |||were plugged into them. Dont be robbed of your happiness by|||gossip, or by what others do, say or think. Dont let those|||things affect you. On ce unhappiness enters into your life its |||very hard to get it out.||||||Important lesson: Learn to love what God gives you in life. We |||live in an imperfect world and calls for many adjustments. We |||are imperfect too and so is everyone else. Life is full of|||changes. Do you allow that to make you murmur and complain?|||Disappointments are everywhere on earth. Make the best of|||disappointing situations. Search for Jehovah. Happiness is up |||to you. It depends on what we do with our mind and our heart. |||Adjust our thinking. Nobody else can do this for us, we have to|||do it for ourselves with the help of God!||||||Romans 12:2 Does it say Prove to God? NO! Prove to OURSELVES|||the good and perfect will of God. You dont have to prove it to|||God. Happiness is not dependant on where we are or with whom we|||are. But it is dependent on who we are before, that being GOD. |||Its not just knowing, its doing! Be a doer of the Word.|||Happiness isnt so much doing what we like, but l iking what we |||do. Its not being where you like, but liking where you are.|||Its not having what you like, but liking what you have! Enjoy |||where we are and who we are. Make the best of every situation. |||Thats being Christ like. For the joy set before him he endured|||a torture stake. Despite whatever troubles come in life we can |||still be happy. Many have endured great hardships, natural|||disasters, lost all their worldly goods, yet happy. Why? |||Because happiness has to do with your frame of mind and heart. |||A joyful heart and a mind at peace with God- the .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e , .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e .postImageUrl , .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e , .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e:hover , .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e:visited , .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e:active { border:0!important; } .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e:active , .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u18c7f903230896e68419620677aa5e8e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The quiet american Essay

Multicultural Psychology in the Contemporary World

Free Essays on Write A Paper

How You Should Present Papers Here are some hints and expectations for your assignments: Any written assignment given to you with more than one class night to complete must be typed. No excuses. Please do your work well ahead of time so that if your printer or computer should explode, you have time to take care of the assignment. Please only count class nights. If I assign you a short paper on Wednesday and we do not meet on Monday, that is still only one class night even though four nights have gone by. If I give an assignment on Monday and ask for it on Wednesday and we meet every day that week, please type it. Figure it out when you write your assignment down in your notebook. When in doubt, please ask. Place your name, period and date in the upper right hand corner of the paper. These facts will be essential for years to come. I want to know who wrote the paper. I will never remember which period of English class you are in, and I want to know how long it has been since I have received your paper and I still haven't marked it. Double space your paper. One inch margins please. I am not a fanatic. I don't take a ruler to your paper. Just try for one inch margins on the sides and top and bottom. It is neater this way. Please use only Times Roman or Arial 12 point font. Assume all assignments are meant to be on paper unless told otherwise. Do not walk in to class with a computer disk. If the assignment was meant to be on paper, have it on paper. Spell check and grammeer check your document. Have your assignments looked at by a talented peer, a parent or a writing tutor before I see it and while there is still time to do something about it. If you should see a minor error on the hard copy, you may correct it in pen or pencil neatly. Neatly! Send writing-related questions and papers for editing and feedback to my attention. Papers should be saved in DOC format, or Rich Text Format, and sent a... Free Essays on Write A Paper Free Essays on Write A Paper How You Should Present Papers Here are some hints and expectations for your assignments: Any written assignment given to you with more than one class night to complete must be typed. No excuses. Please do your work well ahead of time so that if your printer or computer should explode, you have time to take care of the assignment. Please only count class nights. If I assign you a short paper on Wednesday and we do not meet on Monday, that is still only one class night even though four nights have gone by. If I give an assignment on Monday and ask for it on Wednesday and we meet every day that week, please type it. Figure it out when you write your assignment down in your notebook. When in doubt, please ask. Place your name, period and date in the upper right hand corner of the paper. These facts will be essential for years to come. I want to know who wrote the paper. I will never remember which period of English class you are in, and I want to know how long it has been since I have received your paper and I still haven't marked it. Double space your paper. One inch margins please. I am not a fanatic. I don't take a ruler to your paper. Just try for one inch margins on the sides and top and bottom. It is neater this way. Please use only Times Roman or Arial 12 point font. Assume all assignments are meant to be on paper unless told otherwise. Do not walk in to class with a computer disk. If the assignment was meant to be on paper, have it on paper. Spell check and grammeer check your document. Have your assignments looked at by a talented peer, a parent or a writing tutor before I see it and while there is still time to do something about it. If you should see a minor error on the hard copy, you may correct it in pen or pencil neatly. Neatly! Send writing-related questions and papers for editing and feedback to my attention. Papers should be saved in DOC format, or Rich Text Format, and sent a...

Legal approch to bioethics Justice in end-of-life cases Essay

Legal approch to bioethics Justice in end-of-life cases - Essay Example Retributive or punitive justice can be understood as a retroactive process that justifies punishment for past injustice or violation(s) of the law (Maiese, 2003). Substantive justice is concerned with enforcing the rights and obligations. Distributive justice is concerned with the fair allocation of rights, duties, benefits and burden among community members(Bernard M Dickens, 1994; Maiese, 2003). Accordingly, this paper demonstrates the application of the justice principle in end-of-life legislations and legal cases. Further, this paper focuses on four cases: brain death concept, the Rasouli case, the Latimer case, and the Carter case. Historically, death has been defined as the cessation of respiration and blood circulation(Dickens, 1985). Yet, the development of mechanical technology to maintain vital function, such as ventilators and machines to assist blood circulation, has posed a new ethical question about the patients with irreversible or otherwise profound neurological damage. The question develops to whether or not these individuals are in fact dead or not Further, one must question whether or not it is ethical to withdraw life support from these patients. As such , the brain death concept was introduced by a Harvard ad hoc committee in 1968("Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School," 1968). Brain death was recognised as criterion for death in Canadian provincial legislation (B. Dickens, 1985). For example, Ontario’s Trillium Gift of Life Network Act ("Trillium Gift of Life Network Act (R.S.O. 1990, CHAPTER H.20)," 1990)in s.7 (1) states that death should be determined by at lea st two physicians; in accordance with accepted medical practice. Dickens analyzes existing legal approaches in death determination and indicates that the current process embraces what is known as the brain death concept(Dickens, 1985).This approach permits the

Discuss the dual role of the security sector in the Arab World as both Essay

Discuss the dual role of the security sector in the Arab World as both a source of political stability and instability - Essay Example ROL promotion by international community will enable securitization explain the reforms in practice to assist post-communist transitions. Arab States are the majority in Middle East region characterized by a high complex relationship between the military agencies and other security enforcement agencies in the state, politics, and the society. Kodmani, Bassma, and May (97) claim that Arab Security Sector still receives little attention in the recent years with rare information on comparative advances in the study of the security sector. The objective of the study is to inform the role of Arab Security Sector in the state, politics, and the society. The study will evaluate scholarly journal information in the field of Security Studies in Middle East in both English and Arabic press. Different themes receive considerable attention in the theoretical and comparative literature on civil society relating to Arab Security Sector. The role of the security sector in the socio cultural facets affects the role of status and legitimacy of the security. Formal and informal connections operate within the security sector in the civilian and political system. The role of the security sector reflects and reinforces the relationship between major sectors of the society. Al-Khalifah (24) emphasizes from the beginning that better relationships with the Arab Security Sector fails to result to successful policies toward Middle East. According to Kodmani et al. (97), one of the critical policy junctures is the Unites States strategy to scatter Iraqi Army after the invasion attack. At the time prior, the invasion Iraqi Army had 350,000 troops. Iraqi complex political-military relationship leads to imposition of effective and formal civilian control in the newly established Iraqi Security Forces. Since that time, Kurdish and Shiite militias penetrate the Security Forces. The relationship between Iraqi Army and

Financial Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Financial Plan - Assignment Example The essay discusses that business plan can be defined as a statement that sets forth the business goals that an individual has; the reasons that compel such an individual to believe that such goals are attainable and the steps and plans that the individual has towards that will help them attain those goals. The plan would also contain background information about the potential business and the team that will be used to help achieve the goals. The business plan has several sections the most important of which is the financial plan which details the revenue and costs forecasts of the business, the budget, the cash flows of the business, the costs requirements, the costs management plans to be applied, the sources from which the business will source its funds, the implementation plan of the business’s finances and the business’s control measures for such finances. Therefore the financial plan can be defined as a plan that shows how much revenue will be generated from the b usiness, how such revenue will allocated on various types of costs, how the surpluses shall be invested and how the deficits shall be sourced. This paper describes the type of business for which the business plan is being prepared. This section gives a brief description of what products or services the business will be offering and a brief description of the market in which the business will be operating in. The brief description of the product or service offering and the brief description of the market is used to determine the uniqueness of the business which helps it stand out from the rest of the businesses in that particular market. Finally the name of the business and the type ownership the business will assume are described in this section (McKeever 2010). i. Mission and Vision of the business The mission section of the business plan spells out the business strategy which seeks to answer the three main questions which potential customers might be having regarding the business in question. These questions are what the business does, how it does it and for whom. The vision statement on the other hand, spells what goals the entrepreneur of the business had for the business and what he/she envisioned the business to be in future (John and Harrison 2009). The mission and vision helps the customers and the general public to understand what the business is all

The Concept and Debate of Transhumanism

The Concept and Debate of Transhumanism Faiza Hossain Introduction: As human beings, we are obsessed with progressing and improving ourselves. Whether it be physically or mentally, this idea of being better is apparent. [DS1]Transhumanism is an extreme form of improving oneself[DS2].   Whether it be being induced with artificial blood, or inserting a microchip into the brain, transhumanism is about making the ordinary, extraordinary! But, is it ethically right and beneficial to test on humans? Should we be messing around with the natural creation of our bodies? And can transhumanism be a danger to society? These major ethical questions will be answered in this research paper, where the core value of what a transhuman is, will be exposed[DS3]. Is transhumanism really beneficial and ethical for human beings? The definition of Transhumanism is the belief or theory that the human race can advance beyond its present physical and mental limitations, especially by the use of science and technology. We are living in generation, where technology is rapidly evolving and improving. This advancement of technology has benefited people, especially in the transhumanist area. This can be portrayed by the living example of Jesse Sullivan; who is titled as the worlds first Bionic Man1. Sullivan lost his arm in an accident however, The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, gave him the opportunity to replace his arms with robotic prosthetics. The procedure included connecting his nervous system to the robotic arm, allowing him to lift objects by the power of thought. This procedure proves that the marriage of technology and biological components is possible, and really is beneficial to mankind. An arm cant be grown, but technology has given individuals a second chance and an opportunity to have a better quality of life. Another way in which machinery has positively changed a persons life is the story of a stroke patient who trialled the BrainGate2 System. A brain-computer interface used a 4mm-wide chip1, which was implanted in the brain. The significance of this chip was the ability to read signals from neurons which were in charge of motion controlling (e.g., the movement of muscles) and interpret the signals, using a computer, into the physical movement of, such as, a robotic arm and hand. After five years, the chip is still fully working, and the patient is able to carry out daily tasks, which we take granted for, such as raising a cup of coffee to her mouth. This astonishing piece of technology has also given this patient a better quality of life, and furthermore, proves that the study of transhumanism is vital, to help those who need it. Although a robotic arm may be perceived as artificial, and unnatural, technology is allowing people to be happier, even after a traumatic event. The future of transhumanism includes the invention of artificial blood, which improves your stamina. Having a microchip inside your brain, which allows you to communicate telepathically, and being able to become smarter, passively, by storing information into this chip. The possibilities to the way the study of transhumanism can benefit us, is endless. Is human testing, justifiable? When it comes to the study of transhumanism, a controversial question always arises; should scientist be allowed to test on human subjects? This concern is portrayed by numerous people (such as religious followers), and what some people claim, is holding scientists and technology back, from rapidly progressing[DS4].   Research involving human subjects is not intrinsically ethically dubious. Human testing does have ethical concerns, however, these concerns can be met and eased out. There is a huge importance for human testing as it will create a huge improvement in the quality of lives and number of lives saved through such research 3, and this can be seen from earlier examples of patients receiving robotic arms. Human testing is vital for the progression of the future. When conducting experiments on human test subjects, it is essential that the experiment is carried out ethically. This includes asking the participants permission, fully explaining what the procedure will be, making necessary medical check-ups, and making sure he/she will be safe. Furthermore, external judgement is used to measure the safety of the experiment, and in this case, the Research ethics committees (RECs) are widely used to assess and review trial designs.4 The importance of these committees is to overview, and evaluate the practices the researcher will conduct on the participant. The committee include both professional and lay perspectives as to whether the research is ethically acceptable. This portrays that a lot of extensive background checks are carried out, and the safety of the participant is a priority[DS5]. PRECAUTIONARY VS PROACTIVE RESEARCH Scientists, especially those in the transhumanism field, are aware of the cautionary and proactive research. We should not reject the products of applied science; neither should we implement powerful new technologies without foresight and proactive preparation.   (www.extropy.org)5. Being a proactive researcher, is about taking risks, but doing it for the benefit of making progress in technology. Relying on the evidence from past experiments, and written text books, will not help transhumanism evolve into what it can be fully capable of. Making the robotic arms, was a proactive choice made by scientists, and now, people are reeking the benefits from this. Imagine, what more we can unveil, if scientists keep making this proactive choice. An alternative response for research is known as the precautionary principle. The precautionary principle, proposed as a new guideline in environmental decision making6, has four main mechanisms: taking actions to prevent any uncertainties; shifting the burden of proof to the proponents of an activity; finding lots of alternative routes to possibly harmful actions, and getting more public participation in decision making before and during research. The precautionary principle highlights this tight, challenging linkage between science and policy.6 Although precautionary research is much safer for the participant, the problem with the unwillingness to take risks, means progress is made slower in the technology field. This slows down our advancement for a better future and means people who need these revolutionary machinery in their day to day life (such as robotic legs and arms), have to wait longer[DS6]. THE NEGATIVES ABOUT TRANSHUMANISM       The main problem with the idea of transhumanism that many face, is if technology is being exploited for our selfish desires? The idea of wanting to live longer, or be smarter   and stronger, are selfish desires that people want to achieve, and some perceive as unnatural. As all living things are mortal, the study of transhumanism, is fascinating; a topic in transhumanism includes finding ways to cheat death. Being immortal sounds amazing, but is it realistic? If everyone in this world was immortal, then there will be over population7, food shortages, increased global warming and negative climate change. Furthermore, due to overpopulation, there may be a rapid spread of disease, water may run out and fossil fuel will be used up a lot quicker. The world we live in, cannot provide for the immortal. Transhumanist are optimist that through their technological findings, they can help third world countries such as India, by -skipping industrialization and go straight into late capitalist, post- industrial societies (Munkittrick). However, from the extremely high pollution levels seen by third world countries such as India and Brazil, this transition is not at smooth, and if anything, is more damaging to the earth. The concept of skipping industrialization, for these third world countries, seems very unrealistic, and nothing but a utopian view. One last negative attitude towards transhumanism, is that it will create a segregation between societies. It is evident, that when technology that can make you smarter or live longer is achieved, the privileged few will be able to have accesses to these traits, which will create and further distance between people; based on their wealth. Although transhumanism will allow us to benefit traits which will benefit us in the future, it is also possible that there will be more inequality between people and also, earth is not equipped to allow living space for immortal living species. MY METHODOLOGY My report is solely based off secondary research. I have been able to carry out secondary research by reading and actively unpicking online journals and articles (based on transhumanism), visit official which profession transhumanist have written papers and pieces based on this topic. Furthermore, the use of critiquing text was used, and looking at real life examples of cyborgs was evident. As my research only consisted of secondary data, this meant that a research budget was not necessary, as I [DS7]was not required to do any primary research. TRANSHUMANISMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦A BETTER FUTURE? In conclusion, clearly the study of transhumanism has benefited people in this century. Technology is rapidly evolving and it is fitting the needs of people, whether that be the likes of a robotic arm. Transhumanism is breaking the boundary of people with disabilities, and in this context, closing the inequality gap that many disabled people feel[DS8]. However, if this research is mistreated, many people will get severely hurt, and it can totally flip, and instead, creates a larger inequality between people[DS9]. The future of transhumanism is looking bright, and with technology progressing this far, cures for diseases can be found much quicker, and ground breaking technology, can be used to help third world countries. It is the optimism of the people and scientist, which is needed, if we are to make the future a better place. I truly believe there is a place for transhumanism and cyborgs in the future, but it is up to us to be open minded for this change. REFERENCES[DS10] JESSE SULLIVAN Lanxon, Nate. Practical Transhumanism: Five Living Cyborgs. WIRED UK. N.p., 2016. Web. 6 Sept. 2016. Transhumanist Values. Nickbostrom.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 6 Sept. 2016. Theconversation.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 7 Sept. 2016. Gorski, David. Theconversation.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 7 Sept. 2016. 5. Transhumanisms Extropy Institute Transhumanism For A Better Future. Extropy.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 7 Sept. 2016. 6. D Kriebel, M Stoto. The Precautionary Principle In Environmental Science.. Environmental Health Perspectives 109.9 (2001): 871. Web. 7 Sept. 2016. 7. The Problems With Transhumanism. Psychology Today. N.p., 2016. Web. 7 Sept. 2016. [DS1]This is very bold statement. In the future, try to find any research that can support this claim. [DS2]This another example where you should use a reference to support the statement. [DS3]A lot of assumption were made in this paragraph. It will be a good practise in the future to the use a reference to support what you are saying. [DS4]Reference? [DS5]Good demonstration of ethical understanding, but the referencing format used was not Harvard referencing. [DS6]Good points laid out in this section. [DS7]Avoiding writing academic report in first person, always write them in third person. [DS8]The context of this statement is not clear. [DS9]Which research, in what way will it flip, and what source do you have to support this statement? [DS10]The format used is not Harvard referencing.

Lanval and Yonec Essay -- Literary Analysis, Marie de France

Often times in literature the body becomes a symbolic part of the story. The body may come to define the character, emphasize a certain motif of the story, or symbolize the author’s or society’s mindset. The representation of the body becomes significant for the story. In the representation of their body in the works of Marie de France’s lais â€Å"Lanval† and â€Å"Yonec,† the body is represented in opposing views. In â€Å"Lanval,† France clearly emphasizes the pure beauty of the body and the power the ideal beauty holds, which Lanval’s Fairy Queen portrays. In France’s â€Å"Yonec,† she diverts the reader’s attention from the image of the ideal body and emphasizes a body without a specific form and fluidity between the forms. â€Å"Yonec† focuses on a love not based on the body. Although the representations of the body contradict one another, France uses both representation to emphasize the private and, i n a way, unearthly nature of love that cannot be contained by the human world. In both lais, the love shared between the protagonists is something that is required to be kept in private and goes beyond a single world into another world. In France’s â€Å"Lanval,† Marie de France emphasizes the ideal and pure body of Lanval’s Fairy Queen. France describes the Fairy Queen as â€Å"elegant, her hips slim, her neck whiter than snow on a branch, her eyes bright, her face white, a beautiful mouth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (France, 109). The Fairy Queen is presented to the reader as the classic, ideal beauty that captures the attention and, unknowingly, the mind of her lover. After meeting the Fairy Queen, Lanval pledges his life to her. He states, â€Å"There is nothing you might command, within my power, that I would not do, whether foolish or wise. I shall obey your command†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (France, 108). ... ...tion of both methods can be used to show France’s idea of what love is. Patrick John Ireland argued that France’s idea of love â€Å"is a human force controlled by man with great difficulty; it is a spontaneous, natural, and all-consuming power, the experience of which leads to an almost blind passion at times† (133). To be in love, one must be entirely devoted and passionate to one another to the point of blind passion. This is so for Yonec (the Princess jumps out of the tower) and Lanval (Lanval’s complete rejection of the human world until he is brought into the world of his lover). Not only does France portray love as natural and all-consuming, but also shows the private and unearthly nature of love that cannot be contained to the realm of the human world. Rather, love transcends the boundaries of the human world and enters into a world where love reigns supreme. Lanval and Yonec Essay -- Literary Analysis, Marie de France Often times in literature the body becomes a symbolic part of the story. The body may come to define the character, emphasize a certain motif of the story, or symbolize the author’s or society’s mindset. The representation of the body becomes significant for the story. In the representation of their body in the works of Marie de France’s lais â€Å"Lanval† and â€Å"Yonec,† the body is represented in opposing views. In â€Å"Lanval,† France clearly emphasizes the pure beauty of the body and the power the ideal beauty holds, which Lanval’s Fairy Queen portrays. In France’s â€Å"Yonec,† she diverts the reader’s attention from the image of the ideal body and emphasizes a body without a specific form and fluidity between the forms. â€Å"Yonec† focuses on a love not based on the body. Although the representations of the body contradict one another, France uses both representation to emphasize the private and, i n a way, unearthly nature of love that cannot be contained by the human world. In both lais, the love shared between the protagonists is something that is required to be kept in private and goes beyond a single world into another world. In France’s â€Å"Lanval,† Marie de France emphasizes the ideal and pure body of Lanval’s Fairy Queen. France describes the Fairy Queen as â€Å"elegant, her hips slim, her neck whiter than snow on a branch, her eyes bright, her face white, a beautiful mouth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (France, 109). The Fairy Queen is presented to the reader as the classic, ideal beauty that captures the attention and, unknowingly, the mind of her lover. After meeting the Fairy Queen, Lanval pledges his life to her. He states, â€Å"There is nothing you might command, within my power, that I would not do, whether foolish or wise. I shall obey your command†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (France, 108). ... ...tion of both methods can be used to show France’s idea of what love is. Patrick John Ireland argued that France’s idea of love â€Å"is a human force controlled by man with great difficulty; it is a spontaneous, natural, and all-consuming power, the experience of which leads to an almost blind passion at times† (133). To be in love, one must be entirely devoted and passionate to one another to the point of blind passion. This is so for Yonec (the Princess jumps out of the tower) and Lanval (Lanval’s complete rejection of the human world until he is brought into the world of his lover). Not only does France portray love as natural and all-consuming, but also shows the private and unearthly nature of love that cannot be contained to the realm of the human world. Rather, love transcends the boundaries of the human world and enters into a world where love reigns supreme.

Law of Sale of Goods (Part I)

Topic 12 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Law of Sale of Goods (Part I) LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: Define the meaning of goods; Describe the classification of goods; Differentiate a contract of sale and an agreement to sell; Explain the implied terms in a contract of sale of goods; and Identify the importance of transfer of property in the goods. INTRODUCTION The Sale of Goods Act 1957 (Revised 1989) is the statute applicable to sale of goods in Peninsular Malaysia.For Sabah and Sarawak, the law of sale of goods is governed by Section 5(2) of the Civil Law Act 1956. It provides that: „The law to be administered shall be the same as would be administered in England in the like case at the corresponding period. †° In effect, Sabah and Sarawak continue to apply principles of English law relating to the sale of goods. The Sale of Goods Act 1957 was enacted based on the English Sale of Goods Act 1893 (which was replaced by the Sale of Goods Act 1979).The S ale of Goods Act 1957 applies to contracts for the sale of all types of goods including second-hand goods, and to commercial and private sales, wholesale and retail. The general law of contract will continue to apply to contracts for the sale of goods as Section 3 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957 expressly provides for the continual application to contracts for the sale of goods of the 198 TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) provisions of the Contracts Act 1950 „in so far as they are not inconsistent with the express provision of this Act†°. 12. 1 DEFINITION OF GOODSGoods under Section 2 of the Sale of Goods Act, 1957 means „every kind of movable property other than actionable claims and money and includes stocks and shares, growing crops, grass, and things attached to or forming part of the land which agreed to be severed before sale or under the contract of sale. †° In Section 6 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957, goods which form the subject of a contract of sale may be either existing goods or future goods. Existing goods are goods already owned or possessed by the seller and may comprise specific or unascertained goods.Goods are specific if they are identified and agreed upon at the time a contract of sale is made. Unascertained goods are goods not identified and agreed upon at the time a contract of sale is made. Ascertained goods are those unascertained goods which have been identified and appropriated to the contract after the contract has been made. Future goods consist of goods to be manufactured or produced or acquired by the seller after the making of the contract of sale. 12. 2 CONTRACT OF SALE A contract of sale is the transfer of ownership of the goods to the buyer for a money consideration.Section 4(1) of the Sale of Goods Act 1957 defines a contract of sale of goods as: „A contract whereby the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a price. †° A contract of sale includes a sale and an agreement to sell. What is the difference between a sale and an agreement to sell? According to Section 4(3) of the Sale of Goods Act 1957: „Where under a contract of sale the property in the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer, the contract is called a sale, but where the transfer of theTOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) 199 property in the goods is to take place at a future time or subject to some condition thereafter to be fulfilled, the contract is called an agreement to sell. †° Under Section 4(4): „An agreement to sell becomes a sale when the time elapses or the conditions are fulfilled subject to which the property in the goods is to be transferred. †° The above provisions distinguished a sale from an agreement to sell in terms of ownership or „the property in the goods†°.A contract is a sale when the ownership or the property in the goods passes to the buyer and it is an agreement to sell where the transfer of the pr operty in the goods is to take place at a future time or subject to some condition to be fulfilled. An ownership must also be distinguished from possession. A person who possesses certain goods may not be the owner of the goods. Alternately, an owner of certain goods may not have the goods in his possession. In an agreement to sell, the goods still belong to the seller. Consequently, if the buyer breaches an agreement to sell, the seller may sue for unliquidated damages.If the seller breaches an agreement to sell, the buyer has only a personal remedy for damages against the seller. Whereas in a sale, if the buyer fails to pay, the seller can sue for the contract price because ownership has passed to the buyer. 12. 3 TERM OF CONTRACT The conditions and warranties in contract of sale of goods are provided in Section 12 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957. A condition under Section 12(2) is: „A stipulation essential to the main purpose of the contract, the breach of which gives rise to a right to treat the contract as repudiated. †° 200 TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I)A warranty under Section 12(3) is: „A stipulation collateral to the main purpose of the contract, the breach of which give rise to a claim for damages but not a right to reject the goods and treat the contract as repudiated. †° According to Section 12(4): „Whether a stipulation in a contract of sale is a condition or a warranty depends in each case on the construction of the contract. The stipulation may be a condition, though called a warranty in the contract. †° There are circumstances which permit the buyer to treat a breach of condition as a breach of warranty, as provided in Section 13(1) of the Sale of Goods Act 1957.It provides that: „Where a contract of sale is subject to any condition to be fulfilled by the seller, the buyer may waive the condition or elect to treat the breach of the condition as a breach of warranty and not as a ground for treating th e contract as repudiated. †° However, under Section 13(2), where a contract is not severable and the buyer has accepted the goods or part thereof, the breach of condition must be treated as a breach of warranty. Similarly, in a case where the contract is for specific goods and the property has passed to the buyer.Therefore, the buyer cannot reject the goods and repudiate the contract. 12. 4 IMPLIED TERMS Implied terms are those conditions and warranties implied by the statute into particular contracts. The terms, though not expressly found in the contract, are generally accepted incidents of the contract and therefore imported by the courts. The kind of terms implied by statute for the contract of sale of goods are the conditions and warranties provided under the Sale of Goods Act 1957. These conditions and warranties implied in a contract of sale of goods ind the contracting parties, the buyer and the seller. However, according to Section 62 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957: â₠¬Å¾This right, duty or liability that would arise under a contract of sale by implication of law may be negatived or varied by express agreement or by the course of dealings between the parties, or by usage, if the usage is to bind both parties to the contract. †° This means the parties to a contract of sale may exclude the implied terms by the express agreement or by previous dealings or by usage. TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) 201 12. . 1 Title Section 14 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957 provides the implied undertaking as to title in a contract of sale. According to the provision, „unless the circumstances of the contract indicate a different intention, there is: (a) An implied condition on the part of the seller that in the case of a sale, he has a right to sell the goods, and in the case of an agreement to sell, he will have a right to sell the goods at the time when the property or ownership is to pass. An implied warranty that the buyer shall have and enjoy qu iet possession of the goods.An implied warranty that the goods shall be free from any charge or encumbrance in favour of any third party not declared or known to the buyer before or at the time when the contact is made. †° (b) (c) A breach of condition entitles the buyer to treat the contract as repudiated and recover the price in full even though he has used the goods. This is because the buyer pays the price of the goods in order to enjoy the ownership as well as the use of the goods. In the case of Rowland v Divall [1923] 2 KB 500, the plaintiff bought a car from the defendant.After using the car for four months, the plaintiff discovered that it was a stolen car and he had to return it to the true owner. The Court of Appeal held that the defendant had breached the condition as to title and the plaintiff could recover the full price because of total failure of consideration. 12. 4. 2 Sale of Goods by Description The rule relating to sale of goods by description is provided in Section 15 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957. It provides that: „Where there is a contract for the sale of goods by description, there is an implied condition that the goods shall correspond with the description. 202 TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) In addition, „If the sale is by sample as well as by description, it is not sufficient that the bulk of the goods corresponds with the sample if the goods do not also correspond with the description. †° Sale of goods by description covers all cases where the buyer has not seen the goods but is relying on the description alone, for example, goods ordered from a catalogue or if ordered over the counter, by a trade name. Thus, it includes all contracts for the sale of unascertained goods and sale of specific goods which the buyer has not seen prior to the contract.In the case of Nagurdas Purshotumdas & Co. v Mitsui Bussan Kaisha Ltd (1911) 12 SSLR 67, previous contracts between the parties for the sale of flour had been sold in bags bearing a well-known trade mark. Further flour was ordered, described as „the same as our previous contract†°. Flour identical in quality was delivered but it did not bear the same well-known trade mark. It was held that it did not comply with the description. In another case of Beale v. Taylor [1967] 1 WLR 1193, the seller advertised a car as „Herald Convertible, white, 1961, twin carb «Ã¢â‚¬ °.The buyer saw the car before he agreed to buy. Later, he discovered that the rear of the car was part of a 1961 Herald Convertible while the front half was part of an earlier model. It was held that he was entitled to claim damages for breach of the condition. In the case of Moore & Co v. Landauer & Co [1921] 2 KB 519, the buyers were entitled to reject the goods because half of the cases contained only 24 tins, even though the total quantity was met. The contract was for 3100 cases of Australian canned fruit packed „30 tins to case†°. 2. 4. 3 Fitne ss for Purpose and Merchantable Quality Section 16 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957 provides that there is no implied warranty or condition as to the quality or fitness for any particular purpose of goods supplied under a contract of sale except in the following situations: TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) 203 Goods must be reasonably fit for the purpose for which the buyer wants them (Section 16(1)(a)); or Goods must be of merchantable quality (Section 16(1)(b)). (a) Goods must be reasonably fit for the buyerEs purpose. Where the buyer, expressly or by implication, makes known to the seller the particular purpose for which the goods are required, so as to show that the buyer relies on the sellerEs skill or judgement, and the goods are of a description which is in the course of the sellerEs business to supply (whether he is the manufacturer or producer or not), there is an implied condition that the goods shall be reasonably fit for such purpose. †° But in the case of a cont ract for the sale of a specified article under its patent or other trade name, there is no implied condition as to its fitness for any particular purpose.The buyer may invoke Section 16(1)(a) if he makes known to the seller the particular purpose for which he acquires the goods and the buyer is relying on the sellerEs skill and judgement. The goods must also be a description which is in the course of the sellerEs business to supply and if the goods are specific, they must be bought under their trade name or patent. The above requirements are explained in the following cases: In Griffiths v. Peter Conway Ltd. [1939] 1 All ER 685, a woman with an abnormally sensitive skin bought a Harris Tweed coat without disclosing to the seller about her abnormality.She could not claim under this section because the coat would not harm a normal person. Thus, the buyer must clearly indicate the special purpose for which the goods are to be used. Otherwise, there is no breach of the implied condition if the goods are suitable for their general and normal purpose. If the description of the goods is only for one purpose, then it requires no further indication. For example, a hot water bottle is meant to contain hot boiling water; if it breaks upon filling of hot water, then it is not fit for its purpose. 204 TOPIC 12LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) In the case of Cammell Laird & Co v. Manganese Bronz and Brass Co Ltd [1934] AC 402, there was a contract by A to build a propeller for B in accordance with BEs specification and to fit a particular ship and its engine. The propeller supplied complied with the specification and design but did not suit the shipEs engine. A was held liable for breach of an implied condition since the buyer had informed the seller of the purpose for which he needed the goods and relied on the sellerEs skill and judgement to provide them. In Baldry v.Marshall [1925] 1 KB 260, the buyer asked the dealer for a car suitable for touring and the dealer recommended a Bugatti car. A contract for the sale of the car was made. Later, the buyer found that the car was unsuitable for touring. The Court of Appeal held that the dealer was liable because the buyer had relied on the dealerEs judgement in selecting a suitable car for the specific purpose stated by the buyer (even though the car was bought under its trade name). Hence, if the buyer purchases goods under its trade name but at the same time relies on the sellerEs recommendation, it means the buyer is still relying on the sellerEs skill.But if the buyer purchases specific goods under a trade name and gives the impression that he is not relying on the sellerEs skill, then he cannot claim under this section. (b) Goods must be of merchantable quality „Where goods are bought by description from a seller who deals in goods of that description (whether he is the manufacturer or producer or not), there is an implied condition that the goods shall be of merchantable quality. †° However, „If the buyer has examined the goods, there shall be no implied condition as regards defects, which such examination ought to have revealed. „Merchantable quality†° means the goods are fit for the particular use in which they were sold. Therefore, if they are defective for their purpose, they are considered unmerchantable. TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) 205 For implied condition as to merchantable quality, the buyer need not make known to the seller the particular purpose for which he requires the goods. The section only requires the goods to be bought by description and bought from a seller dealing with the goods of that description. Where goods are old under their trade name, the implied condition as to merchantable quality is applicable although the implied condition as to fitness is excluded. In Wilson v. Ricket, Cockerall & Co. Ltd [1954] 1 All ER 868, fuel by its trade name ACoaliteE was ordered from a fuel merchant. The consignment was contaminated in that a detonator was embedded in the coal, resulting in an explosion in the fire-place when used. The Court held that the consignment as a whole was unmerchantable, having defects making it unfit for burning.In the proviso to Section 16(1)(b), the implied condition does not apply „where the buyer has examined the goods as regards defects which such examination ought to have revealed. †° This means if the buyer has conducted some examination before or at the time of the contract, the buyer cannot later complain about the defects which would be revealed by a proper examination. In the case of Thornett & Fehr v. Beers & Sons [1913] 1 KB 486, the buyer had conducted a superficial look at the outside of some barrel of glue. It was held that there was an examination and thus the implied condition as to merchantable quality did not apply. 2. 4. 4 Sale by Sample Section 17 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957 provides that „in a contract for the sale of goods by sample, there is an implied condition: (a) (b) That the bulk shall correspond with the sample in quality; That the buyer shall have reasonable opportunity of comparing the bulk with the sample; and 206 TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) (c) That the goods shall be free from any defect rendering them unmerchantable which would not be apparent on reasonable examination of the sample. The three conditions above are independent of one another.If the bulk corresponds with the sample but there is a latent defect rendering the goods unmerchantable, the buyer is still entitled to reject them. In the case of Drummond v. Van Ingen (1887) 12 App. Cas. 284, the cloth supplied by the seller was equal to sample previously examined but because of a latent defect not discoverable by a reasonable examination, the Court found the seller in breach of the condition. SELF-CHECK 12. 1 1. What is the meaning of existing goods, future goods, specific goods and unascertained goods? Provide examples in your explanation. What is the difference between a sale and an agreement to sell?What are the kind of implied conditions and warranties incorporated in a contract of sale of goods? What is the effect of breach of implied condition and warranty in a contract of sale of goods? Can the party to the contract of sale of goods exclude the implied terms? 2. 3. 4. 5. TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) 207 ACTIVITY 12. 1 Discuss the following questions: (a) Michael and his wife Betty, were busy shopping for new furniture for their new house. Three days before moving, they visited a furniture shop Antique Design. Betty was very interested in a sofa set from Italy worth RM15,000.The set was made from soft leather, brown in colour and consist of one coffee table, and they agreed to buy the set. Both the husband and wife also agreed to buy a double bed for their daughters. Michael informed the seller that he wanted a double bed made from good quality wood. The seller assured Michael that he would meet Michael Es request, as he was an expert and experienced in selling furniture. After payment, the seller promised to deliver the furniture on the day that they were supposed to move into their new house. Michael and Betty also went to Cool Air-Cond, a shop selling air conditioners.The seller managed to attract Michael to buy a portable air-conditioner at the price of RM2,000, with a guarantee that the air conditioner could be used for the next five years without any problem. After checking the goods and satisfied with their condition, Michael made a payment. The seller promised to deliver the air conditioner on the day they move to the new house. On the day of moving, all of the goods ordered by Michael and Betty were delivered. Nevertheless, they were disappointed to see that the sofa set that was delivered was not brown and did not include the coffee table and that the double bed ordered was not of good quality wood.Meanwhile, the portable air conditioner that Michael bought produced a str ong noise when it was switched on. Michael and Betty were very disappointed with what had happened and seek your legal advice on what action can be taken on the sellers of the goods. B placed an advertisement in a local newspaper offering for sale, a second-hand car at RM40,000 o. n. o. The car was described as „Toyota, late 2000†° model. Q responded by offering to buy the car at RM37,000. The offer was accepted by B.After driving the car for almost three months, Q discovered that only the body of the car was of „late 2000†° model while the engine was from a much earlier model. Q now wishes to rescind the contract and seeks your advice on the matter. Advise Q on her rights under the Sale of Goods Act 1957. (b) (c) 208 TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) (d) Sally, a contestant in one of the top reality shows in TVReality was preparing for the final contest to become the winner for the new season 2008. Sally engaged a professional tailor to sew the dress suit able for the contest.Sally consulted Robin, a well-known fashion designer in town, on the choice of fabric for the dress because she had sensitive skin and was allergic to certain types of fabric. Sally paid RM3,000 for the cost of the dress. After the contest, Sally discovered red spots on her skin. She went to see the doctor and was told that her skin was sensitive to the fabric used for the dress that she had worn for the contest. Sally went to see Robin and returned the dress because the fabric used for the dress was not fit for the purpose she made known to Robin and caused her skin complaint.Sally also claimed for the refund of the cost of the dress from Robin and the medical expenses incurred by her. Decide whether Sally could claim for the refund of her money from Robin as well as the cost for her medical expenses. 12. 5 TRANSFER OF PROPERTY IN THE GOODS AND RISK Property in the goods means title or ownership. The transfer of property in the goods is very important because i t determines the risk. As a general rule, the risk passes when the property in the goods passes (notwithstanding whether delivery has been made). Thus, the goods will remain at the sellerEs risk until the property in the goods is transferred to the buyer.When the title or ownership is transferred to the buyer, then the goods are at the buyerEs risk. According to Section 26 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957: „Unless otherwise agreed, the goods remain at the sellerEs risk until the property therein is transferred to the buyer, but when the property therein is transferred to the buyer, the goods are at the buyerEs risk whether delivery has been made or not: Provided that where delivery has been delayed through the fault of either buyer or seller, the goods are at the risk of the party in fault as regards any loss which might not have occurred but for such fault. TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) 209 This means, if delivery has been delayed through the fault of either party, the goods are at the risk of the party in fault as regards any loss which might not have occurred but for such fault. 12. 5. 1 Effects of the Contract Since the risk passes when the property in the goods passes, is it essential to know when the title passes. Under the Sale of Goods Act 1957, Section 18 to 23 provide certain rules that determine the time when property in the goods passes to the buyer. a) Sale of unascertained goods Under Section 18 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957, where there is a contract for the sale of unascertained goods, no property in the goods is transferred to the buyer unless and until the goods are ascertained. Sale of specific or ascertained goods Under Section 19 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957, where there is a contract for the sale of specific or ascertained goods the property in them is transferred to the buyer at such time as the parties to the contract intend it to be transferred. Thus, the general rule is that title passes when the parties to a contract of sale intend it to pass.Unless a different intention appears, the following rules are the rules for ascertaining the intention of the parties as to the time of passing of property in the goods. (c) Specific goods in a deliverable state Under Section 20 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957, where there is an unconditional contract for the sale of specific goods in a deliverable state, the property in the goods passes to the buyer when the contract is made. It is immaterial whether the time of payment of the price or the time of delivery of the goods is postponed. For example, A agrees to buy a specific book entitled „Business Law†° on credit.The title in the book passes to A on the sale even though the payment is postponed. (d) Specific goods to be put into a deliverable state Under Section 21 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957, where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods and the seller is bound to do something to the (b) 210 TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) goods fo r the purpose of putting them into a deliverable state, the property does not pass until such thing is done and the buyer has notice thereof. For example, A agrees to sell a specific computer to B and promises to install the specific software in the disk.The ownership in the computer does not pass to B until A installs the specific software as promised and B must know about the fact that A has done the installation. (e) Specific goods in a deliverable state when the seller has to do anything thereto in order to ascertain price Under Section 22 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957, where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods in a deliverable state, but the seller is bound to weigh, measure, test, or do some other act or thing with reference to the goods for the purpose of ascertaining the price, the property does not pass until such act or thing is done and the buyer has notice thereof.For example, A agrees to sell to B all the flour contained in a specific sack for RM3 per kil ogram. The title does not pass to B until A weighs the flour and B knows that the flour has been weighed. (f) Sale of unascertained goods and appropriation Under Section 23 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957, where there is a contract for the sale of unascertained or future goods by description and goods of that description and in a deliverable state are unconditionally appropriated to the contract, either by the seller with the assent of the buyer or by the buyer with the assent of the seller, the property in the goods thereupon passes to the buyer.The assent may be expressed or implied and may be given either before or after the appropriation is made. A contract for the sale of unascertained goods is an agreement to sell and not a sale. Future goods mean goods to be manufactured or produced or acquired by the seller after the making of the contract of sale. „Unconditionally appropriated to the contract†° in the provision above means a clear act showing the intention to ident ify certain goods as attached to the contract and without any condition.The duty to appropriate may be placed on the buyer or the seller. Appropriation may involve the act of selecting, separating or weighing from a bulk by the buyer or the seller, and it must be approved by the other party. The appropriation must be unconditional and it should pass property in the goods without further requirements (such as payment or price). Further, Section 23(2) of the Sale of Goods Act 1957 provides that where (in pursuance of the contract) the seller delivers the goods to the buyer or to a TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) 211 arrier or other bailee for the purpose of transmission to the buyer, and does not reserve the right of disposal, he is deemed to have unconditionally appropriated the goods to the contract. The effect is that property in the goods passes to the buyer at the time when the goods are handed over to a carrier (for example, a transportation company such as shipping, truc king or railway). The carrier is the buyerEs agent for the purpose of delivery. But if the carrier is the agent of the seller, then property in the goods will not pass until the goods are actually delivered to the buyer. g) Goods sent on approval or „on sale or return†° Under Section 24 of the Sale of Goods Act 1957, when goods are delivered to the buyer on approval or „on sale or return†°, or other similar terms, the property in the goods passes to the buyer: (i) when the buyer signifies his approval or acceptance to the seller or does any other act adopting the transaction; or if he does not signify his approval or acceptance to the seller but retains the goods without giving notice of rejection, then, if a time has been fixed for the return of goods, on the expiration of such time, and if no time has been fixed, on the expiration of a reasonable time. ii) Under the second situation above, if a time is fixed for the return of the goods, then property in the g oods passes upon the expiration of the time. But if no time is fixed, property in the goods passes upon the expiration of a reasonable time. SELF-CHECK 12. 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What is the meaning of property in the goods? What is the significance of the transfer of title or ownership in the goods? When does the risk pass to the buyer in a contract of sale of goods? How would you determine the time when the property in the goods passes to the buyer?When is the property in the goods transferred to the buyer in a contract for sale of unascertained goods? When is the title or ownership transferred to the buyer in a contract for sale of a specific or ascertained goods? 212 TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) ACTIVITY 12. 2 Discuss the following question: 500 tonne metric of flour belonging to a vendor were stored in a godown belonging to Mr. Isaac. The vendor sold 200 tonne metric of the flour to Mr Hans and gave him a delivery order addressed to Mr Isaac.When Mr HansE carrier arrived at the godown, Mr Isaac had already set aside the 200 tonne metric of the flour. The carrier handed the delivery order to Mr Isaac who gave instructions for loading to commence. Before the loading could commence, Mr IsaacEs godown caught by fire and it destroyed the whole stock of the flour. Discuss when did the property in the goods pass and who shall bear the loss. A contract of sale is the transfer of ownership of the goods to the buyer for a money consideration. Where the property in the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer, the contract is called a sale.Where the transfer of the property in the goods is to take place at a future time or subject to some condition thereafter to be fulfilled, the contract is called an agreement to sell. What distinguishes a sale from an agreement to sell is in terms of ownership or „the property in the goods†°. A condition is a stipulation essential to the main purpose of the contract, the breach of which gives rise to a r ight to treat the contract as repudiated. A warranty is a stipulation collateral to the main purpose of the contract, the breach of which give rise to a claim for damages but not a right to reject the goods and treat the contract as repudiated.The conditions and warranties implied in a contract of sale of goods bind the contracting parties, the buyer and the seller. The parties to a contract of sale may exclude the implied terms by the express agreement or by previous dealings or by usage. TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) 213 In a contract of sale of goods, there are implied conditions as regards to title, description, sample, fitness for particular purpose and merchantable quality.Unless the circumstances of the contract indicate a different intention, there is an implied condition on the part of the seller that in the case of a sale, he has a right to sell the goods, and in the case of an agreement to sell, he will have a right to sell the goods at the time when the property or ownership is to pass. There is an implied warranty that the buyer shall have and enjoy quiet possession of the goods and that the goods shall be free from any charge or encumbrance in favour of any third party not declared or known to the buyer before or at the time when the contact is made.The risk passes when the property in the goods passes, thus the goods will remain at the sellerEs risk until the property in the goods is transferred to the buyer. Agreement to sell Fitness for purpose Implied terms Merchantable quality Property in goods Sample Title Sale of goods Transfer of title Text Books: Harlina Mohamed On & Rozanah Ab. Rahman. (2007). Undang-Undang Perniagaan Malaysia. Selangor: Kumpulan Usahawan Muslim Sdn. Bhd. Wu M. A. & Vohrah B. (2000). The Commercial Law of Malaysia (2nd Ed. ). Selangor: Pearson and Longman. Cases:Baldry v. Marshall [1925] 1 KB 260. Beale v. Taylor [1967] 1 WLR 1193. Cammell Laird & Co v. Manganese Bronz and Brass Co Ltd [1934] AC 402. Drummond v . Van Ingen (1887) 12 App. Cas. 284. 214 TOPIC 12 LAW OF SALE OF GOODS (PART I) Griffiths v. Peter Conway Ltd. [1939] 1 All ER 685. Moore & Co v. Landauer & Co [1921] 2 KB 519. Nagurdas Purshotumdas & Co. v Mitsui Bussan Kaisha Ltd (1911) 12 SSLR 67. Rowland v Divall [1923] 2 KB 500. Thornett & Fehr v. Beers & Sons [1913] 1 KB 486. Wilson v. Ricket, Cockerall & Co. Ltd [1954] 1 All ER 868.

Guide to Writing an Interview Essay

Guide to Writing an Interview Essay How to Write up an Interview Essay or Paper Interview essay is an essay that gives the various perspectives on a topic with evidence from the interviews with different people. The Interview Process Should Include:The written questions you are going to ask. Your time-management (set time-frame for your meetings with people). Your questions that you are going to put and the answers that youll record. The process of reviewing and analyzing the results. The very process of writing your essay (where you will begin with your question followed by a summary and proceed with the analysis of your questions and the answers).Interview Essay vs. Research Paper Writing this very type of essay, you are free to make people not books your sources. Especially useful in interview essays is the opportunity to get a first-person viewpoint on a subject, with no difference is this about a persons life or something in which they are a pro. It Should Be a Meaningful Essay: It means that its easy to make this very sort of paper especially meaningful if you describe your family members or interview people who do activity or job youd like to try yourself. Where Interview Essays can be found: anyone who reads magazines and newspaper is familiar with these sorts of papers. While magazines and newspapers are presenting interviews with musicians, politicians, or actors, excellent interview essays can make just the ordinary people. Essays that are written by talking to ordinary people and their life history are called oral history. Best Interview Advice on How to Do the Interview A Good Question Is a Must:The point is you need to pick the best question which will reflect your arguable topic which in its turn suggests different peoples opinions will definitely vary. You Give People an Opportunity to Explain Their Answer: its not only about asking a question. The interview somehow turns out to be better when the person you are asking does have a personal opinion about the given question. Dont Forget about Follow-Up Questions:Follow-up questions are inevitable when you need to get peoples opinions and more information about the topic. Mind not to ask the same follow-up questions to everybody; instead, try to ask various questions and let the conversation flow the particular way it goes. Its Better to Interview in Person Facetime, Skype whatever is possible and most convenient for both of you, the point is to see and hear the person as the tone of a voice and persons expression does matter. Moreover, thus you are able to ask more questions if there is the slightest misunderstanding. The Suggested Interview Essay QuestionsWhat will be your actions when you are asked for money by a homeless person? What are the most valuable and priceless qualities personally for you in a friend? What does family (or freedom, life to the fullest, friendship, true love) mean to you? Whats your biggest passion in life and why? Whats the most important lesson youve learned in college? Why do you like volunteering if you do and what does volunteering give to you? Think and name the most annoying thing a professor can ever do? Which way does your family affect you the most? Is there is anything you dislike about your physical appearance and how you feel about it? Think of the most significant historical event in your lifetime? Do you believe that people can change and they do change as the age? Name the most vital thing youve learned from your parents? Name the person who influenced you the most? What are the best possible ways for families to stay close? If you have to identify the most important school subject to learn, which one it would be?While Conducting an Interview You should note the first and last name of the person, and then comes the question (the main one and any major follow-up question). The questions that you may ask during your interview in order to get more information:What made you think so? What are the reasons? Do you have any examples to illustrate your point of view? Think of the reasons from people with the opposite view to do so and change their mind?Then you may add a quotation, something youd like to quote from them word for word. When it Comes to Analyzing Interviews Mind to:Create a list where youll list the reasons given by the people and the number of people with each point of view; Identity is it a negative reason or a positive one; Do you suggest this very reason to be an interesting and important one? Whats your personal view of this very reason? Is it valid?When It Comes to Organizing Your Interview Notes Mind to put the reasons in a logical way, the following are the possible methods in ordering them:Underline the reasons that matter the most Introduction of the positive reasons which are followed by negative ones or vice versa the negative reasons and then the positive ones The reasons you do not agree with, which are followed by the ones you agree with Unusual reasons which come first, then pretty typical.While outlining the interview paper, keep in mind to structure it with introduction, body, and conclusion.

The 39 Best Clubs to Start in High School

The 39 Best Clubs to Start in High School SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Thinking about starting a club? It’s a great wayto meet people with similar interests, do an activity you enjoy,learn more about an activity you're interested in, and gain leadership experiencefor yourcollege application! But what aregood clubs to start in high school? In this article, I’ll give you a list of dozens ofclubs you canstart! Why Would YouWant to Start a Club? There are many good reasons to want to starta club. I mentioned some reasons above such as meeting new people, doing an activity you enjoy, and gaining leadership experience. However, another reason you maywant to start a club is if you have no opportunity at your schoolto pursue an interest you have. For example, you may have a passion for film, but your school may not offer any film classes or have any film clubs. If that's the case, start afilm club to pursue that passion! Even if your school has a class or club in your general area of interest, you may want to focus your attention on a more specific topic. For example, perhapsyour school offers an art course, but you're passionate about sculpture specifically. In that case, consider starting a sculpture club. List of Clubs to Start at Your High School Now that you know why you should start a club, what are some potential club ideas? I’ve sorted the clubs into tenmain categories:eight subject area clubs, hobby clubs, and charity clubs. Subject area clubs are clubs that come from an interest in a subject area taught in school. I've identified eightsubject area club categories: Art, Drama, Film, Science, Math, Literature, History, andLanguage. Hobby clubs are clubs that stem from an interest in a hobby that most likely wouldn’t be taught in high school (such as chess, anime, video games, and skiing). Charity clubs are clubs that are linked to a specific charity with the goal of raising awareness, working for that charity, or raising money for that charity (such as Operation Smile, Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer, and Becca’s Closet) NOTE: The category a particular club has been placed into is not important. I simply created these categories to organize this list. No one category is better than another. It’s best to create a club you’re passionate about no matter thecategory. Below, I'll give you club name ideas along with a few ideas for activities the club could do. When you start your club, you don't have to do all of these activities. You may want to do the simpler, smaller activities first before trying to plan one of the bigger activities (such as an international trip). Art Club Ideas Sculpture Club Analyze famous sculptures Work on your own sculptures Get feedback on your work from other club members Plan a trip to a local museum Plan a spring break trip to Florence, Italy to view sculptures in person Photography Club Analyze famous photographs Take group trips to picturesque spots to snap some photos Create a dark room where you develop photos Art History Club Members can present one of their favorite pieces of artforthe club to discuss Visit local museums Plan a club spring break trip to Paris to view art in person at the Louvre Art Review Magazine Start a magazine Review famous pieces of art Hold contests for student artwork to be published in the magazine Write reviews of local art shows Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Drama Club Ideas Shakespeare Club Each semester read a different Shakespeare play and put on a production of that play Plan a club spring break trip to Stratford-upon-Avon Hold a Shakespeare festival Host a contest for the best Shakespearean monologue or a writing contest for a Shakespearean sonnet Classics Club Each semester read and perform a new classics play Plan a club spring break trip to Italy and Greece to see where Classical writers lived Monologue Club Help students find classical and modern monologues they like Have students perform their monologue in front of the group Give them feedback and ideas on how to improve the monologue performance Perform all the monologues once per semester Comedy Sportz Club Host competitive improv games Split into different improvteams and hold a competition at the end of the semester or year Bring in judges who will score each team (similar to Whose Line Is It Anyway) Improv Club Teach club members improv (either by hiring an improv teacher or by reading a book like the Upright Citizens Brigade Comedy Improvisation Manual) Play improv games Put on improv performances onceper semester Film Club Ideas Foreign Film Club Watch a new foreign film at each meeting and discuss it Host a foreign film festival, encourage club members to create their own short foreign films Plan a club summer break trip to the Cannes film festival Screenwriting Club Read a famous screenplay every week Analyze why the screenplay was a success or failure Read a book about screenwriting (such as Save the Cat) Have each member pitch loglinesand develop outlines for a screenplay Give themfeedback, then read the screenplay drafts to the club Host a staged table reading of each member’s screenplay Directing Club Watch and analyze the works of famous directors (Hitchcock, Fellini, Spielberg, etc.) Hold a film festival for student’s short films Host a movie marathon fundraiser for charity 48-Hour Film Festival Club Organize a 48-hour film festival (over a weekend or schoolbreak) where teams are given a topic for a short film and then have 48 hours to write, shoot, and edit the film Screen the short films at a festival Science Club Ideas Future Scientists Club Bring in scientists to discuss their profession Plan a club trip to a local lab Discuss the latest scientific research at meetings, plan science fair projects, get feedback from other members on your science fair project Marine Biology Club Bring in marine biologists to discuss their profession Watch videos about interesting sea creatures Plan a club trip to a marine biology center Set up a volunteer beach clean-up (if you live near a beach) Hold a letter writing campaign or get signatures for the Save the Whales Foundation Future Medical Professionals Club Bring in doctors and nurses to discuss their professions Plan club volunteer activities at a hospital Set up job shadowing with a hospital for club members Host a toy drive foryour local children’s hospital Math Club Ideas Math Homework Club Host a free tutoring service for students who need math help Volunteer at middle schools to help kids with their math homework Pi Club Hold contests for who can memorize the most digits of Pi Hold a Pi day lecture on the concept of pi Hold a Pi day bake sale where you sell pies for charity Literature Club Ideas Literature Magazine Club Start a literature magazine Write reviews of newly published books Hold a contest to publish a student’s short story Creative Writing Club Members can present a piece of creative writing they wrote or enjoyed reading Givefeedback and advice on other members' writing Publish the best creative works in a magazine at the end of the year Book Club Assign a book each month for the club to read Meet and discuss that book the following month Hold a book donation drive for the local homeless shelter Foreign Book Club Enjoy reading books in translation? Consider starting a book club where each month the club reads a different translated book(try to read a book from a new country or continent each month) Meet and discuss that book the following month History Club Ideas WWII Club Discuss different aspects of WWII each week Bring in a WWII veteran to discuss their experience or a WWII historian to discuss their knowledge Plan a club spring break trip to Normandy, Paris, and Berlin to visit important WWII sites Host a WWII trivia contest where teams compete to see who has the most WWII knowledge Ancient History Club Discuss different ancient cultures at each meeting Bring in an Ancient History specialist to discuss their knowledge Plan a club spring break trip to Egypt, Rome, or Greece Host an ancient civilizations costume contest for Halloween Language Club Ideas French/Spanish/Chinese/Foreign Language Club Speak only in that foreign language at club meetings Host traditional cultural events for (i.e. Chinese New Year Party) Offer free tutoring to students who need help with that foreign language Plan a club trip to a country that speaks that foreign language Read a book written in that language each semester French/Spanish/Chinese/Foreign Cooking Club Speak only in that foreign language at club meetings Learn to cook a new dish from that culture Host dinner parties or trips to restaurants Hobby Club Ideas Anime Club Learn to speak some Japanese Read anime and discuss it as a group Watch anime tv shows and movies Plan a club trip to an anime convention Chess Club Host a chess competition between members Bring in chess masters to discuss chess strategy Watch famous chess movies and documentaries Video Games Club Host a video game competition Discuss the evolution of video game technology Bring in a person who works at a video game company to discuss possible careers in the video game world Skiing Club Plan a club trip to go skiing Watch skiing competitions together Bring in a professional skier to learn abouttheir experiences Democrats/Republicans/Independents Club Discuss new political events Volunteer for a campaign Host a public viewing of a political debate Plan a political rally Gather signatures of support for a bill Political Magazine Start a magazine to analyze campaigns Discuss important bills and political issues Interview local politicians Religion Club Start a club where people fromdifferent religious backgroundscan discuss their similarities and differences Each week a different person can present information they think other members may not know about their religion Bring in religious leaders (Imams, priests, rabbis, etc.) to discuss their jobs Adventure Club Plan weekly or monthly outdoor activities (hiking, biking, camping, fishing, etc.) Plan a club spring break camping trip toa National Park Volunteer to plant trees in a local park Bring in a conservationist to discuss their job Charity Club Ideas Operation Smile Club Host fundraisers to raise money for Operation Smile to provide free surgeries to children with a cleft lip Organize a walk to raise awareness for cleft lips Bring in (or Skype with) a child who received help from Operation Smile to talk about how the surgery changed their life Breast Cancer Awareness Club Help plan a walk to cure breast cancer in your area Host a school-wide fundraiser Bring breast cancer survivors in to talk about their experiences. Children’s Hospital Volunteer Club Organize volunteer opportunities at a local children’s hospital Host a book donation drive to collect books to donate to the children’s hospital Host a bake sale to raise money to donate to St. Jude Children’s Hospital Soup Kitchen Volunteer Club Organize volunteer opportunities for club members at a local soup kitchen Host a toiletry collection drive to donate to your local homeless shelter Host a food collection drive to donate to the soup kitchen Save Endangered Species Club Organize volunteer opportunities for club members at local animal shelters Host a fundraiser to donate money to theWWF Visit a wildlife rescue center Plan a club spring break trip to see endangered species in another country Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Top 3 Tips forStarting a Club Now that you have some ideas for clubs to start in high school, how do you go about actually getting one up and running? I’m going to give you my top three tips for starting a club, but for more details, including recommendationson brainstorming a club idea, registering the club with your school, running meetings, and more, check out our full explanation ofhow to start a club. Tip #1: Make Sure You Have the Time and Effort to Dedicate to Your Club When you start a club, you’re not only going to have the duties of President of that club (organizing meetings, delegating tasks, etc.), but you’re also going to be responsible for developing the club. You’ll need to figure out the rules and purpose of the club, recruit members, plan events, etc.You need to put in a lot of work to start an effective club that will continue running after you graduate. Tip #2:Start a Club That You’re Passionate About If you’re going to be spending all of this time starting a club, make sure itfocuses onsomething you enjoy!You need to be excited about the club in order to convince other people to join.If you don’t like your club, why would other people join? How canyou decide what type of club you would be passionate about? First,think about what you enjoy doing. What is your favorite class? What are your hobbies? Do you have a new skill you'd like to explore further? Is there a topic you'd like to learn more about? Is there a cause you care about?It's likely that one or more of your answers can be developed into aclub. Tip #3:Follow Through on Your Club Make sure to register your clubwith theschool. Next, plan the first meeting, and post fliers with the meeting date around your school to spread the word about yourclub.At your first meeting, discussthe purpose of the club, what major events you’d like to plan, and then hold an election for board members (president, treasurer, secretary, vice president). You're now well on your way to running a successful and interesting new club! What’s Next? Once you've decided on your club, how do you actually start it?Check out our step-by-step guide on the 8 steps to starting a club for everything you need to know! Interested in learning more about other potential extracurricular activities?Learn about Model UN and how to join your high school newspaper. Looking to get started on SAT/ACT preparation?Check out our ultimate SAT/ACT study guide schedule and plan! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: